تعیین فعالیت‌های آموزشی قابل برون‌سپاری در یک دانشگاه سازمانی با استفاده از مدل چند شاخصه MADM

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استاریار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین، تهران ، ایران

چکیده

هدف: امروزه بسیاری از سازمان‌ها و شرکت‌ها با رقابت فزاینده‌ پایدار و نامطمئنی روبه‌رو هستند که به‌واسطه نوآوری‌های فنّاورانه، تغییر محیط‌های بازاری و نیازهای در حال تغییر مشتریان، شدت یافته است. در این شرایط است که برون‌سپاری فعالیت‌های سازمان، به‌عنوان ضرورت اجرایی و یک راهبرد اجتناب‌ناپذیر برای سازمان‌ها مطرح می‌گردد که طی چند دهه گذشته در اکثر کشورها مورد توجه بوده است. ازاین‌روی این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی فعالیت‌های آموزشی قابل برون‌سپاری در یک دانشگاه سازمانی صورت گرفت. 
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد آمیخته و با بهره از ابزارهای مصاحبه و پرسشنامه انجام شده است. روش نمونه‌گیری در بخش کیفی، هدفمند ملاک‌مدار و در بخش کمی، تصادفی ساده بود. برای شناسایی معیارهای تصمیم‌گیری، با بررسی ادبیات و مطالعه اسناد و مدارک موجود و انجام مصاحبه‌های عمیق با 5 نفر از خبرگان و با بهره‌گیری از کدگذاری مفاهیم،50 معیار‌ برون‌سپاری شناسایی شد و در اختیار گروه دوم خبرگان (13 نفر) قرار گرفت. به‌منظور شناسایی فعالیت‌های اصلی آموزشی پس از مطالعه اسناد بالادستی، پرسشنامه مربوطه طراحی و در اختیار 35 نفر از کارشناسان حوزه آموزش، خبرگان و اساتید قرار گرفت. در بخش کمی، پرسشنامه زوجی محقق ساخته باهدف تصمیم‌گیری چند شاخصه MADM بین گروهی از خبرگان و صاحب‌نظران امر آموزش دانشگاه به تعداد 39 نفر به شکل هدفمند توزیع شد و با استفاده از روش تاپ سیس و آنتروپی شانون اولویت‌بندی فعالیت‌ها انجام گرفت.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج 5 معیار را به‌عنوان معیار نهایی معرفی کرد که شامل؛ تمرکززدایی از فعالیت‌های آموزشی، تمرکز بر اجرای راهبردهای آموزشی، حفظ و ارتقای ارزش‌های سازمانی، ارتقای وضعیت مالی (درآمدزایی، صرفه‌جویی مالی و...) و سرعت بخشیدن به انجام فرایندها و فعالیت‌های آموزشی بودند و 43 فعالیت غیراصلی در 4 حوزه، نیازسنجی و امکان‌سنجی، برنامه‌ریزی، اجرا و ارزیابی و نظارت مرتب شدند و با توجه به معیارها، 13 فعالیت آموزشی برای برون‌سپاری معرفی شدند. طراحی«آموزش‌های مورد نیاز اساتید و مربیان» در حوزه نیازسنجی «پیکره‌بندی نرم‌افزاری و سخت‌افزاری سیستم جامع آموزش» در حوزه برنامه‌ریزی و «برگزاری مناسب کلاس‌های نظری و عملی» در حوزه اجرا به‌عنوان اولویت اصلی برای برون‌سپاری قرار گرفتند. قابل توجه است که «شناسایی موانع موجود در عملکرد مطلوب کارکنان آموزشی» توسط هر پنج معیار جزء اولویت‌های اصلی برای برون‌سپاری قرارگرفته است. درنهایت نتایج نشان داد که تدوین دستورکارهای دروس مهارتی، شناسایی موانع کارآمدی دانشجویان، نیازسنجی آموزشی، پیکره‌بندی سیستم جامع آموزش از فعالیت‌های آموزشی قابل برون‌سپاری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining Outsourced Educational Activities in an Organizational University Using the MADM Multi-criteria Model

نویسنده [English]

  • Akram Alimardani
Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Human Resources, University of Police Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: Today, many organizations and companies face increasingly stable and uncertain competition, which has been intensified by technological innovations, changing market environments, and changing customer needs. It is in this context that outsourcing the activities of the organization is considered an executive necessity and an inevitable strategy for organizations that have been considered in most countries over the past few decades. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and prioritize outsourced educational activities in an organizational university.
Materials and Methods: The current research was conducted with a mixed approach and using interview and questionnaire tools. The sampling method in the qualitative part was purposeful and criterion-oriented, and in the quantitative part, it was simple random sampling. To identify the criteria for decision-making, by reviewing the literature studying the available documents conducting in-depth interviews with 5 experts, and using the coding of concepts, 50 outsourcing criteria were identified, and then it was given to the second group of experts (13 people). To identify the main educational activities after studying the upstream documents, a relevant questionnaire was designed and given to 35 experts in the field of education, experts, and professors. In the quantitative part, a paired questionnaire made by the researcher to make a multi-criteria MADM decision was distributed among a group of experts and experts in the field of university education to the number of 39 people, and activities were prioritized using the Top Sis method and Shannon's entropy.
Discussion and Conclusions: The results introduced 5 criteria as the final criteria, which include decentralization of educational activities, focus on the implementation of educational strategies, maintaining and promoting organizational values, improving financial status (revenue generation, financial savings, etc.) and accelerating the implementation of processes and educational activities. So, 43 non-core activities in 4 areas, needs assessment and feasibility, planning, implementation and evaluation, and monitoring were organized and according to the criteria, 13 training activities for outsourcing were introduced. The design of training required by professors and trainers in the field of needs assessment was the main priority in four criteria; software and hardware configuration of the comprehensive education system in the field of planning was a priority of three criteria, and proper holding of theoretical and practical classes was the main priority of two criteria. Identification of barriers to the optimal performance of training staff by all five criteria is one of the main priorities for outsourcing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Outsourcing
  • Educational Activity
  • Organizational University
  • MADM Multi-indicator Model
  • Fuzzy Delphi
  • Decision Criteria
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