بررسی تحلیلی مدل‌ها و چارچوب‌های حکمرانی آموزش عالی در جهان: مرور فرا روایت یا شبه نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزش عالی، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و آموزش عالی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و آموزش عالی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی تحلیلی و نظام‌مند مدل‌های حکمرانی آموزش عالی است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، پژوهشگران با استفاده از روش مرور فرا روایت یا مرور شبه نظام‌مند مقاله‌ها و مستندات مرتبط را بررسی کردند. مرور شبه نظام‌مند در این پژوهش مبتنی بر «راهنمای هانااسنایدر برای مرور نظام‌مند در حوزه مدیریت» و استاندارد ارائه شده توسط «ونگ و همکاران» انجام شده است. به‌طورکلی، این بررسی به دنبال شناسایی و تحلیل پژوهش‌هایی مرتبط، که ممکن است پیامدهایی برای موضوع مورد مطالعه داشته باشند است و به‌جای اندازه‌گیری تأثیر، آن‌ها را ترکیب و تحلیل می‌کند تا ادراک بهتری از موضوع مورد مطالعه ارائه کند. 
مواد و روش‌ها: برای انجام این پژوهش مدارک مرتبط با کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط در پایگاه‌های اطلاعات علمی معتبر انگلیسی فارسی و انگلیسی بازیابی شد. در گام بعد به‌منظور انجام مرور شبه نظام‌مند آثار مکتوب نویسندگان ایرانی و خارجی، و مقاله‌هایی که در آن‌ها مدل حکمرانی آموزش عالی ارائه شده بود یا درباره مدل‌های حکمرانی آموزش بحث شده بود به‌عنوان مقاله‌های مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش انتخاب گردید و پس از آن پژوهشگران با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی محتوای مدل‌های منتخب را با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اطلس‌تی کدگذاری و مقوله‌بندی کردند و در آخر نیز تحلیل ابعاد حکمرانی بر پایه نتایج به‌دست‌آمده در تحلیل محتوای کیفی و مرور شبه نظام‌مند انجام شد. 
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: حکمرانی آموزش عالی به‌نظام قدرت ناشی از قوانین، سیاست‌ها و قواعد گفته می‌شود که مسئولیت‌های بازیگران مختلف را در نظام آموزش عالی معین می‌کند و دانشگاه ها در بستر آن فعالیت می‌کنند. با وجود این‌که این نظام‌ها در نظام‌ آموزش عالی کشورها متفاوت است، الگوهای مشترکی بین آن‌ها وجود دارد. هدف این پژوهش شناسائی الگوهای مشترک، ابعاد، مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های حکمرانی در مدل‌های بررسی شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که در طول سه دهه گذشته مفهوم‌سازی نظری در این زمینه، گسترش قابل توجهی پیدا کرده است و مدل‌های بنیادی مبتنی بر مدل کلارک ایجاد شده است. این تحلیل نتایج پژوهش‌های پیشین درباره وجود دو جریان در مدل‌های حکمرانی آموزش عالی را تأیید می‌کند. هم‌چنین یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که از میان ابعاد حکمرانی بعد استقلال دانشگاهی، تعادل نهادی قدرت و سازوکار تأمین منابع مالی بیش از سایر ابعاد در مدل‌های حکمرانی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical Study of Models and Frameworks of Higher Education Governance in the World: A Review of Meta-Narrative or Semi-Systematic

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Haririan Tavakoli 1
  • Maghsood Ferasatkhah 2
  • Baharak Shirzad Kebria 3
  • Fatemeh Hamidifar 3
1 Higher Education Management Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Planning in Higher Education, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the governance models of higher education systematically. To achieve this goal, researchers analyzed related articles and documents by applying a semi-systematic or meta-narrative review method based on the "Hana Snyder Guide to Systematic Review in Management Field" and the standard provided by "Wong et al.” In general, the study seeks to identify and evaluate all the potential relevant researches which have implications for the subject matter. The study combines and analyzes all the relevant studies to present a better understanding of the subject matter instead of measuring the influence of the result.
Materials and Methods: To conduct the research, all the relevant documents were retrieved by searching the related keywords in reputable English and Persian scientific databases. Next, documents in which governance models of higher education presented or discussed were considered relevant documents to the research topic to conduct the semi-systematic review of the written works of Iranian and foreign authors. Then researchers by applying qualitative content analysis coded and categorized the content of the selected models in Atlas T application. Finally, governance dimensions were analyzed based on the results obtained in the qualitative content analysis and semi-systematic review.
Discussion and Conclusions: Higher education governance is defined as a system of power derived from laws, policies, and rules that determine the responsibilities of different actors in the higher education system, and in which universities operate in general. Although higher education governance structures are very different around the world, some common patterns could be recognized. The study aimed to identify these common patterns, dimensions, components, and indicators of governance in the studied models. Findings of the research show that over the past three decades, theoretical conceptualization in this field has been significantly expanded, and fundamental models have been developed based on the Clark model. The review confirms the results of previous studies about the existence of two trends regarding proposed models of higher education governance. In addition, the findings show that among the dimensions of governance, academic autonomy, institutional power balance, and university funding stratifies have been mostly under consideration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Academic Autonomy
  • University Funding
  • Governance System analysis
  • Higher Education Governance
  • Typology of Higher Education Governance
  • Governance Framework

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