نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه روش ها و برنامه های درسی و آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران،تهران،ایران
3 استاد، گروه روش ها و برنامه های درسی و آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران،تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه روش ها و برنامه های درسی و آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Objective: The rapid penetration of technology has transformed all aspects of life and caused tremendous changes. Education, teaching and learning, which is an important aspect of people's social life, has been greatly influenced by these developments and has grown with the growth of technology. Despite extensive research on the benefits and capacities of the e-learning environment, the teaching and learning process in this new environment is still challenging. This research gap prompted the researcher to study the framework of the teaching and learning process of elementary school in the electronic platform. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the purpose of Identifying of the desirable teaching and learning process coordinates for the elementary school in the e-learning environment whit a meta-synthesis approach.
Materials and Methods : According to this goal, a qualitative research design, of the meta synthesis type, was adopted. Research data were collected using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). For this purpose, articles were searched in databases in the desired time range ( domestic 1390-1402 and foreign 2010-2023 ). After screening the identified articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, among the 673articles related to the research field, 40articles, that directly examined the teaching and learning process of elementary school in the electronic platform, were selected in a purposeful way using the Critical Assessment Skills Program ( CASP ) and entered the analysis stage. At this stage, the data were analyzed through the thematic content analysis ( TCA ) method. To check the validity and reliability of the findings, the researcher's self-review criteria, the peer review method, and the agreement coefficient of the evaluators were used.
Discussion and conclusion : The in-depth analysis of previous studies resulted in the representation of 9 dimensions12, indicators and 41related indicators among 168 initial codes. Based on the research findings, structured goals ( Setting goals based on the SMART model , setting goals based on Bloom's classification, defining goals by considering educational design components ); standard content ( Compliance with SCORM model ) and optimal content ( Personalized content , multimedia content , simulated content , categorized content, content with appropriate difficulty , relevant and coherent content ) ; interactive teaching method ( Method based on digital storytelling , method based on digital game , collaborative virtual teaching , online questioning ); empathic interactions ( Active conversation , establishing an emotional relationship, humor and humor ) and purposeful interactions ( Educational interactions , social interactions, supportive interactions ); developmental assignments (Zone of optimal confusion, scaffolding and assignments based on real issues); effective feedback ( Positive and encouraging feedback, corrective/interpretive, personal and immediate, instant messaging ); quality time ( Time planning and management, special time for learning, flexibility in time ); user-friendly technical platform ( Visual appeal, easy to use, proportional, interactive graphics ) and and the technical platform based on pedagogical principles (possibility of personalization and independence of learners, competences and technical qualifications of teachers and learners, providing opportunities for interaction and cooperation, appropriateness of educational platforms) and finally comprehensive evaluation ( Formative evaluation, e-tests, class survey, e-portfolio, peer evaluation) were obtained. In this research, the highest frequency of extracted codes is assigned to the dimension of interactions, and it indicates that how to communicate in an e-learning environment is the most challenging issue that has been emphasized in previous studies. Finally, this research emphasizes the importance of considering appropriate criteria and indicators in the process of teaching and learning of the elementary school in the electronic platform, and its proposed model with the provided coordinates can be used as a guide for planners and teachers to enrich their education with the requirements and requirements of the new environment and to take steps towards improving it.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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