Commitment to Sustainable Development in Higher Education Tourism Curriculum

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Educational Planning, Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objectives: Training the next generation of the tourism industry's human resources is vital for sustainability. Therefore, higher education should provide education and skill programs for tourism students with the aim of sustainability and create learning opportunities on real-life projects that provide the necessary skills and expertise for a more sustainable world. The purpose of this study was to investigate how to use the approach of sustainable tourism development in the design of higher education curricula.
Materials and Methods: The research method was applied in objective and qualitative data collection and theoretical research methods. For this purpose, the basic concepts and components of the logic of curriculum design were extracted according to the approach of Sustainable Development and attention to the positions of Social Constructivist Learning theory and educational perspective based on Critical theory. Finally, the characteristics of curriculum elements related to sustainable tourism were identified, and the desired framework was designed. The Delphi method was used to validate the sustainable tourism curriculum design model and the validity of the model was checked and confirmed by experts.
Discussion and Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that the commitment to a sustainable development approach in the field of the curriculum involves a range of comprehensive expertise in the field of tourism that is not easily adapted to the current educational framework. Therefore, paying attention to the commitment to the sustainable development approach in the tourism curriculum could provide the basis for redesigning the curriculum according to the basic assumptions of the sustainable development approach; it would also create opportunities and innovation in learning, learning outcomes, and student readiness. Understanding the concept of sustainability would also help tourism professors and students to evaluate and improve their curriculum concerning sustainable tourism education.

Keywords


Afifi, G. M. H., Atef, T., & Al Busaidi, Y. (2018). Interdisciplinary higher education in tourism: The case of SQU, Oman. Anatolia, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1494610
Akker, J. V. D. (2003). Curriculum perspectives: An introduction. In J. van den Akker, W. Kuiper & U. Hamever (Eds). Curriculum Landscapes and trends. pp.1-10.
Araeteh. H, Navehebrahim, A. Abbasian, H. & Khabare, K. (2021). Developing the Policy-Making Model for Digital University (Qualitative Approach). Journal of Management and Planning in Educational Systems, Vol. 14 (2), 47-72.
Arrobas, F., Ferreira, J., Brito-Henriques, E., & Fernandes, A. (2020). Measuring tourism and environmental sciences students’ attitudes towards sustainable tourism. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 27(May), 1–12.
Babadi, A; Shabani, varaki, B., Khandaghi, M.A.& M. Karami. (2018). Transdisciplinary  Commitments in University Curriculum. Journal of Theory & Practice in Curriculum, Year 6, No. 12, pp. 42-5. [In Persian]n
Benjamin, S., Dillette, A., & Alderman, D. H. (2020). “We can’t return to normal”: Committing
to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 476–483.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759130
Bertella, G., & Rinaldi, M. D. (2020). Learning communities and co-creative tourism practices in NGDO projects. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(4), 639–657.
 Blake, J., Sterling, S., & Goodson, I. (2013). Transformative learning for a sustainable future: An exploration of pedagogies for change at an alternative college. Sustainability, 5(12), 5347–5372.
Blanca, A., Gretze, U. (2017). What do tourism students know about sustainability and sustainable tourism? An exploratory study of Latin American students, Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 110-117.https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2017.1294038
 Boley, B., & Green, G. (2016). Ecotourism and natural resource conservation: The‘potential’ for a sustainable symbiotic relationship. Journal of Ecotourism, 15(1),36–50
Boluk, K., Cavaliere, C. T., & Duffy, L. N. (2019). A pedagogical framework for the development of the critical tourism citizen. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(7), 865–881.
Boyle, A. (2017). Integrating sustainability in the tourism curriculum: Dilemas and directions. In P. Benckendorff & A. Zehrer (Eds.). Handbook of teaching and learning in tourism (pp. 389–401).
Boyle, A., Wilson, E., & Dimmock, K. (2015). Transformative education and sustainable tourism: the influence of a lecturer’s worldview. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 15(3), 252–263. Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainability reporting and certification in tourism. Tour. Recreat. Res.37(1),85-90. 
Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2022). Post-COVID-19 recovery of island tourism using a smart tourism destination framework. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 23, 100689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100689
Burbano, D, V., Valdivieso, J, C., Izurieta, J, C., Meredith, T. & Ferri, D, Q. (2022). “Rethink and reset” tourism in the Galapagos Islands: Stakeholders’ views on the sustainability of tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights,3 (2022) 100057,1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2022.100057
Busby, G. (2003). The concept of sustainable tourism within the higher education curriculum: A British case study. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 2(2), 48–58.
Busby, G., & Huang, R. (2012). Integration, intermediation and tourism higher education: Conceptual understanding in the curriculum. Tourism Management, 33(1),108–115.
Buzinde, C. N., Vogt, C. A., Andereck, K. L., Pham, L. H., Ngo, L. T., & Do, H. H. (2018). Tourism students’ motivational orientations: The case of Vietnam. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(1), 68–78. 
Camargo, B. A., & Gretzel, U. (2017). What do tourism students know about sustainability and sustainable tourism? an exploratory study of Latin American students. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 17(2), 101–117. 
Carr, A., Ruhanen, L., & Whitford, M. (2016). Indigenous peoples and tourism: the challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8–9), 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1206112
Clark, Helen. (2002). Building education: the role of the physical environment in enhancing teaching and research. Published London: University of London, Institute of Education, 2002. 
Cotterell, D., Arcodia, C., & Ferreira, J. (2017). Teaching for strong sustainability in university tourism courses. In P. Benckendorff, & A. Zehrer (Eds.). Handbook of teaching and learning in tourism (pp. 373–388). 
Cotterell, D., Hales, R., Arcodia, C., & Ferreira, J. A. (2019). Overcommitted to tourism and under committed to sustainability: the urgency of teaching “strong sustainability” in tourism courses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(7), 882–902. 
Cumming, G.S., Allen, C.R., (2017). Protected areas as social-ecological systems: perspectives from resilience and social-ecological systems theory. Ecol. Appl. 27 (6),1709–1717. 
Dredge, D. & Schott, C. (2013). Academic Agency and Leadership in Tourism Higher Education, Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 13:2, 105-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2013.786312
Edelheim, J. (2020). How should tourism education values be transformed after 2020? Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 547–554. 
Farsari.L.(2022). Pedagogy for sustainable tourism: reflections on the curriculum space of a master programme in Sweden. Journal of Teaching in Travel &Tourism, VOL. 22, NO. 1, 6–35.
Fathi Vajargah, K; Mousavipour, N.& Yadegarzadeh, Gh. (2018). Curriculum Development in Higher Education. Tehran: Mehraban Book Institute, Publications [In Persian].
Filep, S., Hughes, M., Mostafanezhad, M., & Wheeler, F. (2015). Generation tourism: Towards a common identity. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(6), 511–523. 
Fisichelli, N. A., Schuurman, G. W., Monahan, W. B., & Ziesler, P. S. (2015). Protected Area Tourism in a Changing Climate: Will Visitation at US National Parks Warm Up or Overheat? PLOS ONE,10(6), e0128226. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
Font, X., Higham, J., Miller, G., & Pourfakhimi, S. (2019). Research engagement, impact and sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(1), 1–11.
Forristal, L. (2022). Students as Co-Creators of InterdisciplinaryTourism Content: A Strategy to Help Prepare Creative, Problem-solving, Research Savvy and Globally-Competent Hospitality Employees. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 1-15.https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2022.2034117
Fraga, C.C.L., Santos, M.P.D.S., & Ribeiro, S.D.C. (2012). Teaching and learning about railroad tourism through educational games. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 24(2–3),50-55. 
Fullagar, S., & Wilson, E. (2012). Critical pedagogies: A reflexive approach to knowledge creation in tourism and hospitality studies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 19(1), 1–6.
G. Michael McGrath, Leonie Lockstone-Binney, Faith Ong, Elisabeth WilsonEvered, Madelene Blaer & Paul Whitelaw (2020). Teaching sustainability in tourism education: a teaching simulation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791892
Gal, M. Bourg, W. Gal, J. (2005). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods in Psychology.Translation: A group of writers to the attention of Ahmad Reza Nasr, Second Edition, Tehran: samt and Beheshti University pubication. [In Persian]n
Go¨ssling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid
assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9582, 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Gössling, S. (2017). Tourism, information technologies and sustainability: an exploratory review. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(7), 1024–1041.
Gretzel, U., Isacsson, A., Matarrita, D., & Wainio, E. (2011). Teaching based on tefi values: A case study. Journal of eaching in Travel & Tourism, 11(1), 94–106.
Haji Tabar Firouzjaei, M., Mir Arab, R. Ranjbarchurti, H. Hassan Zal, M. (2018). Evaluation of the quality of the master’s program in tourism development planning from the perspective of stakeholders. Two Quarterly. Journals of Higher Education Curriculum Studies, Year 10, Number 20, pp. 185-161. [In Persian]n
Hales, R., & Jennings, G. (2017). Transformation for sustainability: the role of complexity in tourism students’ understanding of sustainable tourism. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 21(Part B), 185–194.
Hall, C. M., Gössling, S., Scott, D., Rutty. (2015). The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Sustainability. The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203072332
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020). Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after
COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 610–623.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020). The “war over tourism”: challenges to ustainable tourism in the tourism academy after COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,4(29),551-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1803334
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Carnicelli, S., Krolikowski, C., Wijesinghe, G., & Boluk, K. (2019). Degrowing tourism: Rethinking tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1926–1944. 
Hosseini Largani. S.M.& Mojtabizadeh, M. (2021). Designing and Validation of Instructional   Quality Model for Universities in Iran. Journal of Management and Planning in Educational Systems, 2022, Vol. 14 (2), 221-258. [In Persian]n
Hsu, C. H. (2018). Tourism education on and beyond the horizon. Tourism Management perspectives,25, 181-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14616688.2020.1757748.
Ioannides, D., & Gyimóthy, S. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for escaping the unsustainable global tourism path. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763445
Jamal, T., Taillon, J., & Dredge, D. (2011). Sustainable tourism pedagogy and academic-community collaboration: A progressive service-learning approach. Tourism and Hospitality Research,11(2),133-47. 
Jamal, T.B. (2004). Virtue ethics and sustainable tourism pedagogy: Phronesis, principles and practice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(6), 530–545.
Jones, C. R., & Walmsley, A. (2021). A change would do you good: advances in research impact in sustainable tourism and some ‘home truths’ for the sector. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.2000995
Kalargyrou, V., & Woods, R. H. (2011). Wanted: Training competencies for the twenty-first century. Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(3), 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111122532
Ki¸si,N .(2019). Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A’WOT Hybrid Method:A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey.Sustainability , 11, 964, 1-19. doi:10.3390/su11040964
Khosravi, A., Abtahi, S.H., Ahmadi, R. and Salimi, H. (2012). Identifying the factors that enable  the agility of human resources by Delphi method in electronic industries. Journal of Management Improvement ,6(4), 129-153. [In Persian]n
Koščak, M., Knežević, M., Binder, D., Pelaez-Verdet, A., Işik, C., Mićić, V., Borisavljević, K., & Šegota, T. (2021). Exploring the neglected voices of children in sustainable tourism development: A comparative study in six European tourist destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–20. 
Kristjansdottir, K.R., Olafsdottir, R., Ragnarsdottir, K.V. (2018) Reviewing integrated sustainability indicators for tourism. Sustain. Tour. 26 (4), 583–599. 
Kronenberg, K., & Fuchs, M. (2021). Aligning tourism’s socio-economic impact with the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Tourism Management Perspectives, 39(May), 100831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100831
Liburd, J., & Hjalager, A. (2010). Changing approaches towards open education, innovation and research in tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 17(1), 12–20. 
Liburd, J., Hjalager, A.M., & Christensen, I.M.F. (2011). Valuing tourism education 2.0. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 11(1), 107–130. 
Macheridis, N., & Paulsson, A. (2021). Greening higher education? From responsibilization to accountabilization in the incorporation of sustainability in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(8), 208–222. 
Maleki Nia, E; Bazargan, A. Faizi, S. (2015). Presenting an operational model for evaluating the sustainability of higher education institutions: the case study of Tehran University. Educational leadership and management research quarterly, third year, number 10, pp. 53-85. [In Persian]n
Maleki, H. (2016). Curriculum Development Guide to practice. Tehran: madresehpub. Publications [In Persian].
Mansilla, V.B. (2005). Assessing Student Work at disciplinary crossroads. The Magazine of Higher Learning, 37(1), 14-21.1
McGrath, G, M. L. Lockstone-Binney, L, Faith Ong, WilsonEvered, E. Blaer, M. & Whitelaw, P. (2020). Teaching sustainability in tourism education: A teaching simulation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–18.https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791892
McPeck, J. (2016). Critical thinking and education. London: Routledge.
Meredith, T., Blair, A., & Burbano, D. (2020). Vulnerabilities in the conservation–tourism alliance: The impacts of COVID-19 in Laikipia and the Galapagos Islands. Human Ecology Review, 26(1), 47–58.
Mínguez, C., Martínez-Hernández, C., & Yubero, C. (2021). Higher education and the sustainable tourism pedagogy: Are tourism students ready to lead change in the post pandemic era? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 29(June), 1–14. 
Moreno-Luna, L., Robina-Ramírez, R., Sánchez-Oro, M., & Serrano, J. C. (2021). Drivers for sustainability awareness development in tourism curricula: The case of spanish universities. Land, 10(9), 1–18.
Moscardo, G. (2015). The Importance of Education for Sustainability in Tourism. In G. Moscardo & Benckendorff (Eds.), Education for Sustainability in Tourism: A Handbook of Processes, Resources, and Strategies (pp. 1–21). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47470-9_1
Mrnjavac, E., Pavia, N., & Vuji´c, V. (2012). Interdisciplinarity in higher education courses for tourism: The case of Croatia. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(1), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2012.650062
Nieuwland, S., & Lavanga, M. (2020). The consequences of being ‘the Capital of Cool’. Creative entrepreneurs and the sustainable development of creative tourism in the urban context of Rotterdam. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(6), 926–943. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1841780
Niewiadomski, P. (2020). COVID-19: From temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of
tourism? Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 651–656.
Nyaupane, G.P., Poudel, S. (2011). Linkages among biodiversity, livelihood, and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research,38 (4), 1344–1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.006
O’Connor.N.(2021). Using active learning strategies on travel and tourism higher education programmes in Ireland. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education 29 (2021) 100326. 
Pan, S. L., Chou, J., Morrison, A. M., Huang, W. S., & Lin, M. C. (2018). Will the future be greener? The environmental behavioral intentions of university tourism students. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030634
Prince, S. (2020). From Sustainability to the Anthropocene: Reflections on a Pedagogy of Tourism Research for Planetary Attachment. Journal of Teaching in Travel and Tourism, 20(3), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2020.1797608
Qadri, M. (2009). Critical theory of education (criticism of the curriculum of modernity and late  capitalism). Yadavareh Book Publications. [In Persian]n
Rieckmann, M. (2017). Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives:
UNESCO Publishing.
Rinaldi, C., Cavicchi, A., & Robinson, R. N. S. (2020). University contributions to co-creating sustainable tourism destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1797056
Ro, H., & Choi, Y. (2011). Student team project: Gender differences in team project experience and attitudes toward team-based work. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 11(2), 149-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2011.575022
Robina-Ramírez, R., Sánchez, M. S. O., Jiménez-Naranjo, H. V., & Castro-Serrano, J. (2021). Tourism governance during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: A proposal for a sustainable model to restore the tourism industry. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01707-3
Rojo-Ramos, J., Vidal-Espinoza, R., Palacios-Cartagena, R. P., Galán-Arroyo, C., Manzano-Redondo, F., Gómez-Campos, R., & Adsuar, J. C. (2021). Adventure tourism in the spanish population: Sociodemographic analysis to improve sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041706
Ruhanen, L., & Bowles, L. (2020). Student perspectives of responsible tourism behaviour: the role of tourism education. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 32(4), 255–265. 
Sakarkaya, V., & Bümen, N. T. (2022). What Triggers Teacher Research Engagement and Sustainability in a Higher Education Context in Turkey? Participatory Educational Research, 9(2), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.43.9.2
Schweinsberg, S., Heizmann., H. Darcy, S., Wearing, S., & Djolic., M. (2018). Establishing academic leadership praxis in sustainable tourism: lessons from the past and bridges to the future, Journal of Sustainable Tourism,1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1489397
Seo, S., Kim, H. (2021). How COVID-19 Influences Hospitality and Tourism Education: Challenges, Opportunities, and New. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 33(3), 147-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1929531
Sheldon, P. J., Fesenmaier, D. R., & Tribe, J. (2011). The tourism education futures initiative (TEFI): Activating change in tourism education. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 11(1), 2–23.
Shi, J.(J.), Zhang, J., & Cai, L. A. (2020). Active learning for an introductory tourism course a case study. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 21(1), 1–18
Short, ES. (2014). Methodology of Curriculum Studies, translator Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi et al., Tehran: the side and the Institute of Education Studies. [In Persian].
Sıburıan, J., Corebıma, A.I., ˙ & Saptasarı, M. (2019). The correlation between critical and creative thinking skills on cognitive learning results. European Journal of Educational Research,19(81),99-114. 
Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: impacts and implications for advancing and
resetting industry and research, Journal of Business Research, 312-321 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015 
smelash, A.G., Kumar, S. (2019). Assessing progress of tourism sustainability: developing and validating sustainability indicators. Tour. Manag. 71, 67–83. 
Smith, M.K.S., Smit, I.P.J., Swemmer, L.K., Mokhatla, M.M., Freitag, S., Roux, D.J., Dziba, L., (2021). Sustainability of protected areas: vulnerabilities and opportunities as revealed by COVID-19 in a national park management agency. Biol. Conserv. 255, 108985.
Sterling, S. (2010). Transformative learning and sustainability: sketching the conceptual ground. Learning and Teaching in Higher Education, 5(11), 17–33.
Stewart, M. (2010). Transforming higher education: A practical plan for integrating sustainability education into the student experience. Journal of Sustainability Education, 1(3), 195–203
Støckert, R., Bergsland, A., Fasciani, S., & Jensenius, A. R. (2020). Student active learning on two campus organisations (Vol. 1). Bucharest: International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education
Thijs, A. & Akker, J. V. D. (2009). Curriculum in development, Netherlands: Institute for Curriculum Development (SLO), Enschede
Thomas, S., & Busby, S. (2003). Do industry collaborative projects enhance students’ learning? Education + Training, 45(4), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910310478157
UNESCO. (2015). UNESCO Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable
Development Information folder. Paris
Wearing, S., Tarrant, M.A., Schweinsberg, S., Lyons, K., & Stoner, K. (2015). Exploring the global in student assessment and feedback for sustainable tourism education. Education for sustainability in tourism (pp. 101–115). 
Wilson, E., & von der Heidt, T. (2013). Business as usual? Barriers to education for sustainability in the tourism curriculum. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism,13(2), 130–147.
Wilson, E., von der Heidt, T., Lamberton, G., & Morrison, D. (2012). Are we moving towards education for sustainability? A study of sustainability embeddedness in afirst-year undergraduate business/tourism curriculum. Presented at Mobilities and Sustainable Tourism: BEST-EN Sustainable Tourism Think Tank XII, Greoux les Bains, France, June 24-27, 2012
Yusuf, M., Samsura, D. A. A., & Yuwono, P. S. H. (2018). Toward a framework for an undergraduate academic tourism curriculum in Indonesian Universities: Some perspectives from stakeholders. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 22(November 2016), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2018.02.003
Zahedi, Sh. (2016). Comprehensive sustainable development with an emphasis on green management and entrepreneurship. Publications: Allameh Tabatabai University. [In Persian]n
Zahedi, Sh. (2018). Basics of sustainable tourism and ecotourism based on the environment. Publications: Allameh Tabatabai University. [In Persian]n
 Zhang, J.K., Ji, M., Zhang, Y. (2015). Tourism sustainability in Tibet - forward planning using a systems approach. Ecol. Indic. 56, 218-228.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Ye, Y., Wu, Q., Jin, L., & Zhang, H. (2016). Residents’ environmental conservation behaviors at tourist sites: Broadening the norm activation framework by adopting environment attachment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(6), 1–16. 
Zhou, T., Law, R., & Lee, P. C. (2021). Exploring sustainable measurements of academic research: How do faculty members in teaching-oriented universities of china evaluate good research in tourism and hospitality? Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(20). 
Zhu, H., Zhang, J., Yu, X., & Hu, S. (2019). Sustainable tourism development strategies and practices of world heritage sites in China: A case study of Mt. Huangshan. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 14(4), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V14-N4-297-306