طراحی نقشه استراتژی و شاخص‌های سنجش عملکرد برای مؤسسات آموزشی غیرانتفاعی، رویکرد امتیازی متوازن و تصمیم‌گیری گروهی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: در حال حاضر دستیابی به اقتصاد دانش‌‌محور یکی از الزامات در همه‌ی کشورهای دنیاست. آموزش و تعلیم و تربیت یا سرمایه‌گذاری در سرمایه انسانی، از جمله پیش نیازهای اقتصاد دانش محور است، در دهه‌های اخیر با پر رنگ شدن جایگاه انسان به‌عنوان اصلی‌ترین و گرانبهاترین سرمایه اجتماعی، فرهنگی و معنوی جامعه، رسالت آموزش و پرورش نیز از جایگاه رفیع‌تری برخوردار شده است. بنابراین با توجه به نقش مهم مؤسسات آموزشی در تربیت نیروی انسانی مناسب برای جامعه، برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک جهت اجرای استراتژی ‌ها در راستای تحقق اهداف این مؤسسات امری ضروری می‌باشد و ترسیم نقشه استراتژی با رویکرد امتیازی متوازن گامی در جهت اجرای استراتژی‌‌هاست. نقشه استراتژی بوسیله مشخص نمودن ارتباط علت و معلولی میان اهداف استراتژیک، ایجاد ارزش می‌کند و تصویر بسیار خوبی از استراتژی‌ها که توسط اهداف قابل اندازه‌گیری پشتیبانی می‌شوند، ارائه می‌دهد. این تحقیق با هدف طراحی نقشه استراتژی و شاخص‌های سنجش عملکرد برای مؤسسات آموزشی غیرانتفاعی با در نظر گرفتن مکانسیم منطقی جهت نشان دادن روابط علی و معلولی میان اهداف استراتژیک در قالب مطالعه موردی انجام شده است.
موادوروش‌ها: شیوه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در این پژوهش به صورت کتابخانه‌ای و پرسشنامه و مراجعه به اسناد و مدارک و مستندات، بوده است که برای این منظور پس از استخراج اهداف استراتژیک، از طریق ادبیات و پیشینه‌ی تحقیق به شناسایی شاخص‌‌های سنجش عملکرد متناسب با اهداف پرداخته شد و با قضاوت خبرگان از طریق پرسشنامه، شاخص‌‌های سنجش عملکرد با بیشترین امتیاز با توجه به اهداف استراتژیک، دسته‌بندی و در ابعاد رویکرد امتیازی متوازن جانمایی گردید و نقشه استراتژی، با استخراج 11 هدف استراتژیک و انتخاب 27 شاخص سنجش عملکرد متناسب با اهداف توسط خبرگان و هم‌چنین تعیین روابط علی و معلولی میان اهداف با استفاده از تکنیک دیمتل، طراحی شد که نتایج پژوهش در بسیاری از مؤسسات آموزشی قابل تعمیم می‌باشد.
بحثونتیجه‌گیری: نقشه‌ی استراتژِی مسیر را برای کمک به مدیریت بهتر برای سرمایه‌گذاری کردن در جهت منابعی که نیاز به بهبود بیشتر دارند فراهم می‌کند، و طبق نتایج پژوهش، طراحی نقشه‌ی استراتژی با استفاده از روش دیمتل در مقایسه با روش متداول قضاوت ذهنی، برای تعیین روابط و علی معلولی روش منطقی‌تری است و نقشه راه روشن‌تری را برای کمک به مدیران و تمرکز بر عوامل تأثیرگذار در راستای اهداف استراتژیک ارائه می‌دهد. یافته‌های پژوهش هم‌چنین نشان داد، اثرگذارترین اهداف در مؤسسات آموزشی به ترتیب میزان اثرگذاری عبارت‌اند از: بهبود فرآیندهای آموزشی و تربیتی، بهبود دستاورد های علمی و پژوهشی، بهبود خدمات، توسعه سرمایه انسانی، توسعه سرمایه اطلاعاتی و توسعه سرمایه سازمانی و سایر اهداف از جمله رضایت دانش‌آموز و رضایت جامعه و تأمین بودجه و افزایش امکانات و رشد بهره‌وری، با توجه به نظر خبرگان، جزء اهداف استراتژیک اثرپذیر هستند که نشان‌دهنده این است که دارایی‌های نامشهود زمینه‌‌ی خلق ارزش را برای این مؤسسات فراهم می‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing Strategy Map and Performance Measurement Indicators for Nonprofit Educational Institutions: Balanced Scorecard Approach and Group Decision Making

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Soleymani 1
  • Saeed Safari 2
1 M.Sc. of Industrial Management, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: At present, achieving a knowledge-based economy is one of the requirements of all countries in the world. Education and training or investing in human capital is one of the prerequisites of a knowledge-based economy. Therefore, in recent decades, by highlighting human position as the most important and most valuable social, cultural and spiritual capital of society, the mission of education has also enjoyed a higher status. Regarding the important role of educational institutions in educating proper human resources for society, strategic planning is necessary to perform strategies that meet the goals of these institutions. Drawing a strategy plan, using a balanced scorecard approach is a step towards the implementation of the strategies. The strategy map, through identifying the cause and effect relationship between the strategic goals, creates value and provides a great illustration of the strategies supported by the measurable goals. This research was conducted to design a strategy map and performance measurement indicators for nonprofit educational institutions. A logical mechanism is also used to indicate causal relationships between strategic goals.
Materials and methods: The method of collecting information in this research was the library and questionnaire and referring to documents. These indicators were based on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard approach. In order to design a strategy map, extracting 11 strategic objectives and selection of 27 Performance Measurement Indicators also matches the goals which are determined by the experts. The determination of the cause and effect relationships between the goals has been done using the Dematel technique.The results of the research have been extended to many educational institutions.
Result and Discussion: The strategy map provides a pathway to help better management invest in the resources that need further improvement, and according to the research results, designing the strategy map using the DEMATEL method as opposed to the conventional method of mental judgment. Relationships and causal relationships are a more rational approach and provide a clearer roadmap to help managers and focus on influential factors in achieving strategic goals. The research findings also showed that the most effective goals in educational institutions in terms of effectiveness are: improvement of educational and training processes, improvement of scientific and research achievements, improvement of services, human capital development, information capital development, and organizational capital development and other goals. According to experts, including student satisfaction and community satisfaction, funding and increasing facilities and productivity growth are among the strategic goals that indicate that intangible assets provide value creation for these institutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • strategy map
  • Performance Measurement Indicators
  • Balanced Scorecard
  • Dematel technique
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