بررسی تحلیلی مدل‌ها و چارچوب‌های حکمرانی آموزش عالی در جهان: مرور فرا روایت یا شبه نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزش عالی، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و آموزش عالی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و آموزش عالی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی تحلیلی و نظام‌مند مدل‌های حکمرانی آموزش عالی است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، پژوهشگران با استفاده از روش مرور فرا روایت یا مرور شبه نظام‌مند مقاله‌ها و مستندات مرتبط را بررسی کردند. مرور شبه نظام‌مند در این پژوهش مبتنی بر «راهنمای هانااسنایدر برای مرور نظام‌مند در حوزه مدیریت» و استاندارد ارائه شده توسط «ونگ و همکاران» انجام شده است. به‌طورکلی، این بررسی به دنبال شناسایی و تحلیل پژوهش‌هایی مرتبط، که ممکن است پیامدهایی برای موضوع مورد مطالعه داشته باشند است و به‌جای اندازه‌گیری تأثیر، آن‌ها را ترکیب و تحلیل می‌کند تا ادراک بهتری از موضوع مورد مطالعه ارائه کند. 
مواد و روش‌ها: برای انجام این پژوهش مدارک مرتبط با کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط در پایگاه‌های اطلاعات علمی معتبر انگلیسی فارسی و انگلیسی بازیابی شد. در گام بعد به‌منظور انجام مرور شبه نظام‌مند آثار مکتوب نویسندگان ایرانی و خارجی، و مقاله‌هایی که در آن‌ها مدل حکمرانی آموزش عالی ارائه شده بود یا درباره مدل‌های حکمرانی آموزش بحث شده بود به‌عنوان مقاله‌های مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش انتخاب گردید و پس از آن پژوهشگران با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی محتوای مدل‌های منتخب را با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اطلس‌تی کدگذاری و مقوله‌بندی کردند و در آخر نیز تحلیل ابعاد حکمرانی بر پایه نتایج به‌دست‌آمده در تحلیل محتوای کیفی و مرور شبه نظام‌مند انجام شد. 
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: حکمرانی آموزش عالی به‌نظام قدرت ناشی از قوانین، سیاست‌ها و قواعد گفته می‌شود که مسئولیت‌های بازیگران مختلف را در نظام آموزش عالی معین می‌کند و دانشگاه ها در بستر آن فعالیت می‌کنند. با وجود این‌که این نظام‌ها در نظام‌ آموزش عالی کشورها متفاوت است، الگوهای مشترکی بین آن‌ها وجود دارد. هدف این پژوهش شناسائی الگوهای مشترک، ابعاد، مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های حکمرانی در مدل‌های بررسی شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که در طول سه دهه گذشته مفهوم‌سازی نظری در این زمینه، گسترش قابل توجهی پیدا کرده است و مدل‌های بنیادی مبتنی بر مدل کلارک ایجاد شده است. این تحلیل نتایج پژوهش‌های پیشین درباره وجود دو جریان در مدل‌های حکمرانی آموزش عالی را تأیید می‌کند. هم‌چنین یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که از میان ابعاد حکمرانی بعد استقلال دانشگاهی، تعادل نهادی قدرت و سازوکار تأمین منابع مالی بیش از سایر ابعاد در مدل‌های حکمرانی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical Study of Models and Frameworks of Higher Education Governance in the World: A Review of Meta-Narrative or Semi-Systematic

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Haririan Tavakoli 1
  • Maghsood Ferasatkhah 2
  • Baharak Shirzad Kebria 3
  • Fatemeh Hamidifar 3
1 Higher Education Management Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Planning in Higher Education, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the governance models of higher education systematically. To achieve this goal, researchers analyzed related articles and documents by applying a semi-systematic or meta-narrative review method based on the "Hana Snyder Guide to Systematic Review in Management Field" and the standard provided by "Wong et al.” In general, the study seeks to identify and evaluate all the potential relevant researches which have implications for the subject matter. The study combines and analyzes all the relevant studies to present a better understanding of the subject matter instead of measuring the influence of the result.
Materials and Methods: To conduct the research, all the relevant documents were retrieved by searching the related keywords in reputable English and Persian scientific databases. Next, documents in which governance models of higher education presented or discussed were considered relevant documents to the research topic to conduct the semi-systematic review of the written works of Iranian and foreign authors. Then researchers by applying qualitative content analysis coded and categorized the content of the selected models in Atlas T application. Finally, governance dimensions were analyzed based on the results obtained in the qualitative content analysis and semi-systematic review.
Discussion and Conclusions: Higher education governance is defined as a system of power derived from laws, policies, and rules that determine the responsibilities of different actors in the higher education system, and in which universities operate in general. Although higher education governance structures are very different around the world, some common patterns could be recognized. The study aimed to identify these common patterns, dimensions, components, and indicators of governance in the studied models. Findings of the research show that over the past three decades, theoretical conceptualization in this field has been significantly expanded, and fundamental models have been developed based on the Clark model. The review confirms the results of previous studies about the existence of two trends regarding proposed models of higher education governance. In addition, the findings show that among the dimensions of governance, academic autonomy, institutional power balance, and university funding stratifies have been mostly under consideration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Academic Autonomy
  • University Funding
  • Governance System analysis
  • Higher Education Governance
  • Typology of Higher Education Governance
  • Governance Framework
Agasisti, T., & Catalano, G. (2006). Governance models of university systems-towards quasi‐markets? Tendencies and perspectives: A European comparison. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/13600800600980056 
Ahmadi Lashaki, Q. (1396). A comparative study of policy models of higher education systems in selected countries and presenting a policymaking model in Iran University of Mazandaran]. Irandoc. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/24df7f632878ca3ad2a241f355e30bae
Akhavanhezaveh, F., Edjtehadi, M., Mohammaddavoodi, A., & Mohamadkhani, K. (1400). Identifying and explaining the dimensions and components of creating a role for the Board of Trustees in funding the university and its improvement. journal of management and planning in educational system Shahid Beheshti university, 14(1). 
Alavi, S. M., Ranaei Kordshouli, H. A., Alimohammadlou, M., & Salimi, G. (1400). Designing a Third Generation University Governance Model Using Total Interpretive Structural Modeling. journal of management and planning in educational system Shahid Beheshti university, 14(1), -. https://doi.org/10.29252/mpes.2021.100668 
Altbach, G. P. (2005). Patterns in Higher Education Development. In American Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century: Social, Political, and Economic Challenges (2nd ed). The Johns Hopk. 
Asadi, M., & Marufi, S. (1395). The position of centralism and academic independence in the internationalization of Iran’s higher education system National Congress of Higher Education of Iran. , Tehran. 
Atafar, A., Ansari, M. I., Talebi, H., & Nili Pourtbatabai, S. (1388). Vision 1404 document, the law of the Fourth Development Plan and fundamental changes required by universities. Iranian Higher Education, 1(4), -. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=101201 
Berdahl, R. (1990). Academic Freedom, Autonomy and Accountability in British Universities. Studies in Higher Education, 15(2), 169-180. 
Berdahl, R. (2010). Thoughts About Academic Freedom, Autonomy and Accountability Magna Charta Observatory Seminar, Istanbul, Turkey. 
Berdahl, R. O., Graham, J., Piper, D. R., & American Council on Education. (1971). Statewide coordination of higher education. American Council on Education. 
Braun, D. (1999). Changing Governance Models in Higher Education: The Case of the New Managerialism. Swiss Political Science Review, 5, 1-24. 
Brian Austin, I. O. (2009). Understanding Higher Education Governance Restructuring: The Case of the University of the West Indies. In. Virginia: faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements.
Capano, G., & Pritoni, A. (2018). Varieties of hybrid systemic governance in European Higher Education. Higer Education Quarterly, 10-28. 
Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. (1973). Governance of higher education: six priority problems; a report and recommendations. McGraw-Hill. 
CHANGING PATTERNS OF GOVERNANCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION. (2003). (Education Policy Analysis, Issue. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/educationpolicyanalysis-2003edition.htm
Clark, B. R. (1983). The Higher Education System. University of California Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.1525/9780520340725 
Clark, B. R. (2003). Sustaining Change in Universities: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts. Tertiary Education and Management, 9(2), 99-116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023538118918 
De Boer, H., Enders, J., & Schimank, U. (2007). On the Way towards New Public Management? The Governance of University Systems in England, the Netherlands, Austria, and Germany. In D. Jansen (Ed.), New Forms of Governance in Research Organizations. Disciplinary Approaches, Interfaces and Integration (pp. 137-152). Springer. 
De Boer, H., & File, J. (2008). Higher Education Governance Reforms Across Europe. 
De Boer, H. F., Enders, J., & Schimank, U. (2008). Comparing Higher Education Governance Systems in Four European Countries. In S. N.C & J. P (Eds.), Governance and Performance of Education Systems. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6446-3_3 
Dobbins, M., Knill, C., & Vögtle, E. M. (2011). An analytical framework for the cross-country comparison of higher education governance. High Educ, 62: 665. 
Farasatkhah, M. (2017). University Occasions in Iran: New and Critical Discussions on University Studies, the Study of Science, and Higher Education. Nashr-e Ney (Original work published 1395). 
Farasatkhah, M. (2018). University and Higher Education Global Perspectives and Iranian Problems. Nashr-e Ney (Original work published 1388). 
Fathollahi, A., Yamini, M., Sabbaghian, Z., Faraskhah, M., & GhaziTabatabai, M. (2014). Content analysis of Iran’s five development programs according to the categories of higher education governance models. Iranian Higher Education Association Quarterly, 50. 
HadiPeykani, M. (2009). A model for the policy-making process in the higher education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran Allameh Tabataba’i University]. IRANDOC. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/8c7e7fb07da430edf5ad24c44f08ece5
Hailu, M. (2018). Models of higher education governance: rethinking the Ethiopian experience. The Ethiopian journal of higher education., 5(1), 31-56. 
Hénard, F., & Mitterle, A. (2010). Governance and quality guidelines in Higher Education. 
Hood, C. (1995). Contemporary Public Management: A new Global Paradigm?‖. Public Policy and Administration Journal, 10(2), 104-117 
Jamshidi, L. (2002). Macro and micro requirements of privatization development of higher education in Iran Tarbiat Moalem University,]. Irandoc. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/7ca1c2e1256fb067da9120253898636a
Jongbloed, B. (2004). Funding higher education: options, trade-offs and dilemmas Fulbright Brainstorms 2004: New Trends in Higher Education, Lisbon. 
Jongbloed, B. (2008). Funding higher education: a view from Europe Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS), The Netherlands 
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2010). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues.  Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=1682130
Khalili, I., Khorsandi Taskooh, A., Arasteh, H. R., Ghiasi Dushan, S., & Khoda Panah, B. (2017). Historical Critical Discourse Analysis of the Autonomy of University in Iranian Higher Education System. Iranian Higher Education, 9(4), 29-55. 
Khalili, I., Khorsandi Taskooh, A., Ghiasi Dushan, S., & Arasteh, H. R. (2018). How to Use Power in Autonomy of University in the Iranian higher education system. Research in Educational System, 12(43), 7-24. 
Maggio, Z. (2011). Exploring Burton Clark’s triangle of coordination in the context of contemporary relationships between states and higher education systems. In Unpublished manuscript. New York, USA: Department of Administration, Leadership, and Technology, New York University.
Mardukh Rouhani, E. (2015). Higher education policy in Iran after the 1357 revolution Third National Conference on Sociology and Social Sciences, Tehran. 
Nafisi, A. H. (2001). Analysis of the higher education system. 
Nugroho, H., & Surendro, K. (2014). Main and Support Enablers of Vocational Higher Education Governance 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT), Bandung, Indonesia. 
Nurakynova, S. (2018). Medical education governance based on strategic planning: An example of Kazakhstan medical universities. International Journal of Health Governance, 23(3), 216-225. 
Padash Zivah, H., & khoda Panah, B. (2015). Estimating the Impact of Good Governance Indicators on Knowledge-Based Economy in Selected Countries. Planning and Budgeting, 165-187. 
Pekkola, E., & Kivistö, J. (2016). Higher Education Governance and Reforms. In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1-13). Springer International Publishing. 
Rahman Seresht, H., & Hatami, D. (1998). State control of higher education in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 15-16(6), 139-152. 
Ramezanian Fahndari, H., Arasteh, H. R., Behrangi, M. R., & Nave Ibrahim, A. R. (2015). Provide a Model for Leadership to Return to the Main Path of Iran’s Higher Education System. Strategic Management Idea, 9(2), 157-182. 
Rasteh Moghadam, A., & Naderi, A. a.-Q. (2015). Patterns of financing and extracting lessons for the Iranian higher education system. Iranian Higher Education Association Quarterly, 7(2), 152-113. 
Razagh Marandi, H. (2015). Effective institutional autonomy in public universities in Iran: a necessity for mobility in globalized environment [Original]. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 20(4), 1-28. http://journal.irphe.ac.ir/article-1-2495-fa.html 
Saint, w. (2009). Legal Frameworks for Higher Education Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. Higher Education Policy, (523–550). 
Salazar, J., & Leihy, P. (2011). Keeping up with coordination: from Clark’s triangle to microcosmographia. Studies in Higher Education, 1-18. 
Salimi, J., Ghasemi, M., & Abdi, A. (2019). Emerging Challenges in Iranian Higher Education and Presenting a Conceptual Model; the study of grounded theory. journal of management and planning in educational system Shahid Beheshti university, 12(2), 127-156. 
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039 
Taei, H., Vahidi, P., & Ghofrani, M. B. (2002). Expert Manpower Needs Assessment Plan and Human Resource Development Policymaking of the Country. 
Taghdiri, Z. (2015). Analysis of macro programs in the higher education system based on system theory. 
Talebi, R. (2016). The legal system governing universities and institutions of higher education and research Tarbiat Modares University]. Tehran: Irandoc. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/45faf2c40d417c2ab2f288da307ab256
Vali Mohammadi, Z. (2018). Analysis of Privatization Components of Higher Education in Comprehensive Universities in Tehran Alzahra University]. Irandoc. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/4e3cee12d81e9123571ee19f48041c64
Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., Westhorp, G., Buckingham, J., & Pawson, R. (2013). RAMESES publication standards: Meta-narrative reviews. BMC medicine, 11(20). https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-20 
Yuzhuo, C. (2004). Governance with Respect to Higher Education in China--A View on Blurring Public/Private Boundaries in Policy Process. 17th CHER Annual Conference, Enschede.