نقش و وظایف مدیران مدارس و مسئولان سازمان آموزش و پرورش در جهت تقویت و توسعه عجین شدن معلمان با شغل‌شان: نتایج یک مطالعه آمیخته

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی نشانگان نقش و وظایف مدیران مدارس و مسئولان سازمان آموزش ‌و پرورش در جهت تقویت و توسعه عجین شدن معلمان با شغل‌شان و ارزیابی وضع موجود آن در میان مدارس شهر خرم‌آباد انجام‌شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها‌: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش، پژوهشی آمیخته از نوع اکتشافی متوالی، ابتدا کیفی و بعد کمی است. جامعه پژوهش در بخش کیفی 15 نفر از مدیران و معلمان باتجربه، نمونه و مشهوری که بنا بر گزارش والدین و دیگر مدیران می‌توان آن‌ها را عجین شده با شغل تلقی نمود، با استفاده از روش‌های نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله برفی انتخاب و مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. جامعه بخش کمی پژوهش، کلیه مدیران و معلمان دوره‌های تحصیلی ابتدایی (دوره اول و دوم) و متوسطه (دوره اول و دوم) شهر خرم‌آباد در سال تحصیلی 96-95 بودند؛ تعداد نمونه، 340 نفر از معلمان دوره‌های مختلف تحصیلی شهر خرم‌آباد بود که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای و براساس فرمول کوکران تعیین‌ شده و با ابزار محقق‌ساخته عجین شدن شغلی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه عجین شدن شغلی معلمان توسط اساتید و صاحب‌نظران تائید شده و پایایی آن مناسب بود (آلفای کرونباخ بالاتر از 8/0). برای تحلیل متون ادبی و مصاحبه‌ها جهت تدوین شاخص‌های عجین شدن شغلی معلمان در بخش کیفی از روش کدگذاری باز استفاده شد؛ و جهت تحلیل آماری داده‌های بخش کمی، از روش تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و آزمون (T تک نمونه‌ای) استفاده شد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های بخش کیفی پژوهش حاکی از آن است که عجین شدن شغلی معلمان شامل 18 نشانگر و 5 بعد: برانگیختن معلمان، رویه‌های ارزیابی عملکرد، ایجاد فرصت‌هایی جهت دانش‌افزایی، سبک مدیریتی دمکراتیک و جو و فضای مدرسه است. در بخش کمی نیز آزمون تحلیل عاملی تأییدی، الگوی اندازه‌گیری متغیر نهفته برازش قابل قبولی با داده‌ها را نشان داد. در بخش کمی با توجه به نتایج آزمون (T تک نمونه‌ای)، ابعاد پنج‌گانه نقش و وظایف مدیران مدارس و مسئولان سازمان آموزش ‌و پرورش در حد متوسط و معناداری ارزیابی شد. عجین شدن شغلی معلمان یک مفهوم پیچیده و چندبعدی است که تحت تأثیر عوامل گوناگون قرار می‌گیرد که نیازمند شناسایی و بررسی‌های بیشتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Duties and Roles of Education Officials and School Principals in Strengthening and developing work engagement among Teachers: the Results of a Mixed Research

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sakine Ashrafi 1
  • Hasanreza Zeinabadi 2
1 Instructor, Department of Education, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: The present research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the duties and roles of educational officials and school principals in strengthening and developing work engagement among teachers and evaluating the present status of khoramabad schools.
Materials and methods: This study is a practical research concerning its purpose and methodologically it is a mixed research of explanatory sequential design, which is at first qualitative and then quantitative. The research population of the qualitative section are some famous, experienced and excellent teachers and Principals, who according to parents' and administrators' report can be regarded as engaged in their work. They were chosen by using purposeful and snow-ball sampling and they were interviewed. In quantitative section, research population includes all principals and teachers of the primary educational period (first and second period) and secondary educational period (first and second period) of khoramabad city in the educational year 2016-2017. The number of the sample was 340 of the teachers of different educational periods of khoramabad city, who were selected using stratified random sampling method based on Cochran's formula, and they were examined with researcher-made questionnaire of work engagement. The content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts in this field and its reliability was authentic (Cronbach's alpha above 0.8). For the analysis of literary texts and interviews open coding method was used in order to formulate teachers' work engagement indices in the qualitative section; and for the statistical analysis of quantitative data, confirmatory factor analysis and T-test (single - sample t) analysis method was used.
Results and discussion: the findings of the qualitative section of the study indicate that teachers' work engagement include 18 indicators and 5 dimensions: stimulating teachers, performance evaluation procedures, creation of opportunities to enhance learning, democratic management style, school atmosphere. In the qualitative section, confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the measurement model of latent variable has good fit with observed data. In the quantitative section, According to the results of one-sample t-test, the five factors of the duties and roles of educational officials and school principals in strengthening and developing work engagement among teachers were evaluated as moderate and meaningful. Teachers' work engagement is a complex and multi-dimensional concept that is under the influence of different factors and it needs more identification and investigation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • work engagement
  • mixed research
  • educational officials and school principals
  • duties and roles

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