بازنمایی هویت رشتۀ مدیریت آموزشی در ایران با تأکید بر مقالات منتشرشده در مجلات تخصصی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران.

3 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران.

4 استاد گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: به‌منظور بررسی ماهیت حوزۀ مدیریت آموزشی در ایران، شناخت مرزهای رشته‌ای، شناخت حیطه‌های مورد مطالعه توسط محققان، رویکردهای معرفت‌شناختی مورد استفاده در پژوهش‌های این‌حوزه، ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی نویسندگان و نهایتاً ارائه یک الگو برای گسترش  کیفی شاخص‌های علمی حوزه، پژوهش حاضر انجام گرفت.
مواد و وروش‌ها: پژوهش با رویکرد تفسیری- برساختی و با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام گرفت. میدان تحقیق، رشتۀ مدیریت آموزشی و مقالات منتشر شده در مجلات تخصصی مرتبط با مدیریت آموزشی در ایران بود. شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و ملاک‌محور بود. بدین منظور، همۀ مجلات مرتبط با مدیریت آموزشی از دوگروه عمدۀ علوم تربیتی و مجموعۀ مدیریت که تا آذرماه سال 1397 در فهرست نشریات علمی- پژوهشی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری نمایه شده بودند مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. از این مجموعه، نهایتاً در فاز اول نمونه‌گیری چهار مجلۀ (مدیریت مدرسه، مدیریت بر آموزش سازمان‌ها، رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی و مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی در نظام‌های آموزشی) که بیشترین درصد مقالات تخصصی را نسبت به‌کل مقالات چاپ ‌شده در حوزۀ مدیریت آموزشی داشتند، انتخاب شدند. در فاز دوم نمونه‌گیری، تمامی مقالات تخصصی چاپ‌ شده در مجلات مزبور که تعدادشان به 94 مقاله رسید انتخاب شدند. جهت گردآوری داده‌های مطلوب و بررسی محتوی مجلات، از یک چک لیست محقق‌ساخته استفاده گردید که اطلاعات مربوط به مقالات از جمله: عنوان اصلی پژوهش، میدان یا جامعه آماری تحقیق، نوع رویکرد معرفت‌شناسی، روش تحقیق بکار رفته و اطلاعات جمعیت‌شناختی نویسندگان به‌وسیله آن احصا می‌شد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که در کل چهار حیطۀ اصلی پژوهشی تحت عناوین ویژگی‌ها و مهارت‌های مدیریتی، سبک‌های رهبری، ابعاد شناسایی رهبران توانمند و اثربخشی قابل تشخیص است. هم‌چنین، سه حیطۀ فرعی پژوهشی تحت عناوین، ارزشیابی، نگرش‌سنجی اعضای جامعۀ مدرسه و علم‌سنجی در مدیریت آموزشی مورد توجه پژوهشگران و اساتید دانشگاهی حوزۀ مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی بوده است. در مجموع، 77 درصد از مقالات تخصصی با رویکرد اثبات گرایانه و کمّی، و فقط 13 درصد از پژوهش‌ها با رویکرد طبیعت‌گرایانه و کیفی یا آمیخته انجام‌شده بودند. حدود 90 درصد از مقالات از پایان‌نامه‌های دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی استخراج شده بودند و حدود 10 درصد بقیه مقالات مستخرج از پژوهش‌های مستقل یا طرح‌های پژوهشی سفارشی وزارت‌خانه‌ها یا مؤسسات پژوهشی بودند. تمامی نویسندگان مقالات یا از اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه و یا دانشجوی تحت راهنمایی آن‌ها بودند. در وابستگی سازمانی هیچکدام از نویسندگان کارورز شاغل در مدرسه و یا محقق مستقل علاقه‌مند به حوزۀ مدیریت آموزشی ذکر نشده‌ بود. گسترش کمّی تعداد مجلات تخصصی در دو دهه اخیر نشان از تلاش استادان متخصص این رشته برای ارتقای استقلال و بازنمایی ماهیت ویژۀ رشتۀ مدیریت آموزشی از مجموعۀ علوم تربیتی و تلاش برای افزایش پیوند بین نظریه و عمل دارد. یافته‌های پژوهش از اشارات کاربردی مفیدی برخوردار است: نخست اینکه، به‌نظر می‌رسد همگام با تحولات جهانی حوزۀ مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی، در یک دهه گذشته در داخل ایران نیز مجلات تخصصی و محققان مدیریت آموزشی درصدد نشان دادن توانایی‌های خود جهت تولید پژوهش‌های عمل‌محور به‌ویژه در حوزۀ مدیریت مدرسه بودند. دوم اینکه، حوزۀ مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی شاهد پیشرفت‌‌های در انجام پژوهش‌های تجربی در خصوص رهبری آموزشی به جای مدیریت آموزشی، بازتعریف و گسترش فهم بیشتر از حوزۀ مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی، استفاده از ابزارهای روش‌شناختی و چارچوب‌های مفهومی متنوع در پژوهش‌های انجام شده بوده است. نهایتاً اینکه، بهره‌گیری از فنون فرا تحلیل جهت یکپارچگی یافته‌ها و مطالعۀ مبانی دانش رشتۀ مدیریت آموزشی مدنظر نسل جدید محققان بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Representing the Identity of the Educational Administration in Iran with Emphasis on the Articles Published in the Specialized Journals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayyeh Nemati 1
  • Naser Shirbegi 2
  • Nematollah Azizi 3
  • Abdolrahim Naveh Ebrahim 4
1 PhD. candidate in Educational Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.
3 Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.
4 Professor, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: To study the nature of the field of education administration and in Iran, recognizing the disciplinery boundaries of, dentifing areas of study by researchers, the epistemological approaches, the demographic characteristics of authors and finally providing a model for qualitative expansion of scientific indicators the present study was conducted.
Materials and Methods: The research was performed with an interpretive-constructive approach and content quality analysis method of. The research field was the field of educational administration and articles published in specialized journals in Iran. The sampling method was purposeful and criterion-oriented. For this purpose, all journals related to educational management from the two main groups of educational sciences and the collection of management that were indexed in the list of scientific-research journals by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology until December 2016 were examined. In the first phase of sampleing, four journals (School Aministartion, Organizational Education Administration on organizations, New Approach to Educational Administration and Management and Planning in Educational Systems) were selected, which had the highest percentage of specialized articles compared to all published articles in the field of educational management. In the second phase of sampling, all specialized articles published in these journals (94 articles) were selected. In order to collect the data a researcher-made checklist was used, which includes information related to articles such as: research title, field of research, type of epistemological approach, research method and authors' demographic information.
Result and Discussion: The research findings showed that four main areas of research under the heading of managerial characteristics and skills, leadership styles, identifying effective leaders can be identified. Also, three sub-areas of research under the titles of evaluation, attitude assessment of school community have been considered by researchers in the field of educational administration. In total, 77% of the studies were done with a positivist and quantitative approach, and only 13% of the research was done with a qualitative or mixed approach. About 90% of the articles were extracted from graduate student dissertations, and about 10% of the rest of the articles were from independent researchs or projects in diffrent institutes. All the authors of the articles were either university faculty members or students under their guidance. In the organizational affiliation, none of the school practitioner or independent researchers of educational administration was mentioned. The quantitative expansion of the number of specialized journals in the last two decades shows the efforts of the professors in this field to promote independence and special nature of educational administaration from the educational sciences and efforts to increase the link between theory and practice. The research findings have useful implications: First, it seems that in line with global developments in the field of administaration and leadership, in the past decade in Iran, specialized journals and educational administaration researchers seek to demonstrate their ability to produce practical research. The focus was specifically on school administaration. Second, the field of educational administaration and leadership is witnessing progress in conducting experimental research on educational leadership instead of educational administaration, redefining and expanding further understanding of the field of educational administaration and leadership, using methodological tools and diverse conceptual frameworks in researchs. Finally, the use of meta-analysis techniques to integrate the knowledge base of educational administaration has been considered by the new generation of researchers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Educational Leadership
  • Educational Sciences
  • Field Nature
  • School Principals
  • School Management

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