شناسایی و اعتباریابی ابعاد و مؤلفه‌ها و ارزیابی میزان اعمال رهبری اخلاقی مدیران دانشگاهی از دیدگاه اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اعتباریابی ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های رهبری اخلاقی مدیران دانشگاهی و بررسی وضعیت رهبری اخلاقی مدیران دانشگاهی در واحدهای جامع دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کشور، در سال 96-1395 صورت گرفته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش با رویکرد ترکیبی (کیفی و کمی) انجام شد. به‌منظور جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در بخش کیفی پس از مطالعه منابع موجود مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش، 25 نفر از مدیران دانشگاهی در واحدهای آموزشی، فرهنگی و دانشجویی با روش شبکه متخصصان و به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب و از آنان مصاحبه با روش نیمه ساختارمند به عمل آمد. در بخش کمی، با استفاده از نتایج حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها و مطالعه منابع، پرسشنامه رهبری اخلاقی مدیران دانشگاهی، تدوین گردید. پرسشنامه پس از تدوین به‌صورت آزمایشی بین اعضای هیأت علمی اجرا گردید. به‌منظور بررسی اعتبار پرسشنامه از تحلیل عاملی و جهت بررسی پایایی از شاخص‌های ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و قابلیت اعتماد ترکیبی استفاده گردید. برای محاسبه شاخص‌های فوق از رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادله ساختاری واریانس محور و نرم‌افزار Smart PLS استفاده شد. پرسشنامه تدوین‌شده بین400 نفر از اعضای هیأت علمی واحدهای جامع دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کشور که با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای از واحدهای جامع دانشگاهی در نواحی شمالی، جنوبی، شرقی، غربی و مرکزی کشور، انتخاب شدند، توزیع و میزان سبک رهبری اخلاقی ادراک‌ شده مدیران دانشگاهی، اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون t تک متغیره مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با تحلیل داده‌های کیفی چهار بعد رهبری اخلاقی و مؤلفه‌های مربوط به آنان برای مدیران دانشگاهی تنظیم گردید و اعتباریابی آن‌ها در بخش کمی انجام شد که آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی چهار بعد بیشتر از 88/. بود و معیار روایی همگرا برای چهار بعد بیشتر از 59/. بود که نشان از همبستگی سازه رهبری اخلاقی مدیران دانشگاهی با ابعاد خود داشت. این ابعاد عبارت‌اند از: بعد سازمانی، بعد بین فردی (مدیریت و اعضای هیأت علمی، مدیریت و دانشجویان و مدیریت و کارکنان)، بعد اجتماعی و بعد فردی. نتایج اجرای آزمون t تک متغیره نشان داد که از نظر اعضای هیأت علمی، میانگین نگرش اعضای هیأت علمی در هر چهار بعد بیشتر از حد متوسط، نمره (3) و نزدیک زیاد، نمره (4) بوده است.
نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد چهار بعد مهم و در ارتباط با هر بعد هم مؤلفه‌هایی برای رهبری اخلاقی مدیران دانشگاهی وجود دارد که برای ارزیابی میزان اعمال سبک رهبری اخلاقی مدیران دانشگاهی از آن‌ها می‌توان بهره گرفت. دانشگاه به‌عنوان یک مرکز پژوهشی و آموزشی در تعامل با دانشجو، استاد، کارکنان و جامعه باید اخلاقی باشد؛ از این‌رو، بیش از هر سازمان دیگری نیازمند اعمال سبک رهبری اخلاقی است. رسالت اصلی مدیران آموزش عالی، کمک به رفع مشکلات جامعه و تربیت شهروندان توانمند، کارآمد و متعهد جهت خدمت به کشور است که این هدف، از طریق اعتقاد و پایبندی آنان به مجموعه‌ای از اصول و قواعد اخلاقی مورد پذیرش جامعه دانشگاهی محقق می‌شود. وظیفه مدیران دانشگاهی تدارک محیطی است که کارکردهای اصلی دانشگاه به‌طور اخلاقی درآن محیط انجام شود؛ لذا، اتخاذ تصمیمات آنان در ارتباط با ابعاد ساختاری و سازمانی دانشگاه نظیر تدوین قوانین و مقررات، عزل و نصب افراد، استفاده از سیاست‌های تشویقی و تنبیهی مناسب، چگونگی استفاده از منابع سازمانی، نحوه سلوک و رفتار آنان با دانشجویان، اعضای هیأت علمی، کارکنان و افراد جامعه الزام‌های اخلاقی و رفتاری فراوانی را ایجاب می‌نماید که مدیران دانشگاهی باید به آن توجه نمایند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying and Validating Dimensions and Components and Assessing the Ethical Leadership of University Directors in the Viewpoints of the Faculty Members of the University

نویسندگان [English]

  • Monavar Majdzadeh 1
  • Reza Hoveida 2
  • Saeed Rajaipour 2
1 Ph.D. student, Department of Education, Faculty of Education and psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Education and psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and validate the dimensions and components of ethical leadership of the university directors and the status assessment of the university administrators’ ethical leadership at comprehensive units of Azad University in the educational year 2016-2017.
Materials and Method: The research was carried out using a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method. In order to collect information in the qualitative section, after studying the available resources related to the subject of research, 25 of the university directors in the educational, cultural and student units that were members of the faculty board members in the 2016-2017 academic year were purposefully selected by the network of specialists. The interview was conducted by a semi-structured method. In the quantitative section, using the results of interviews and the study of resources, the ethical leadership questionnaire for university directors was developed. In this research, factor analysis of the questionnaire, factor analysis, and convergent validity index (AVE index) and audit validity (Farnell and Larker criteria, cross-factor load and HTMT index) were used. Cronbach alpha coefficients and composite reliability were used to assess the reliability of the tool. To calculate the above indicators, the Structural Equation Modeling approach and Smart PLS software were used.
Results and Conclusion: By analyzing the qualitative data, four dimensions of ethical leadership and their components were set for university administrators, and their validation was done in a quantitative section. Cronbach alpha and combined reliability of four dimensions were higher than 88. And the Convergent Validity Criterion for the four dimensions was upper than 0.59. It was a sign of the solidarity of the ethical leadership structure of the university administrators of their own dimensions. These dimensions are as follows: organizational dimension, interpersonal dimension (management and the faculty board members, management and students, management and staff), social dimension and individual dimension. The results of the one-sample t-test demonstrated that the average of viewpoints of faculty members in all four dimensions was higher than 3 and close to 4.
The results of this study showed that there are four important dimensions in relation to each dimension and there are some components for ethical leadership of academic directors that can be used to assess the ethical leadership of academic directors. The university, as a center of research and instruction, should be ethical in interactions with students, professors, employees, and the academic community. Thus, the university requires the implementation of the ethical leadership styles more than any other organization. The main objectives of higher education administrators include assistantship in resolving community problems and educating more efficient civilians for serving the country, which is not possible unless by their observance of the ethical principles and accepted regulations. Therefore, the significant duty of university administrators is providing an environment where the principal functions of ethical leadership can be ethically carried out. The administrators’ decisions related to the organizational and structural dimensions of the university, comprising legislating, employing, acclaiming, punishing, the source usage, and the administrators’ behavior, can cause some ethical and behavioral obligations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethical Leadership
  • Higher Education
  • University Directors
  • Validation

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