تحلیل مضمون کتب درسی دوره ابتدایی برای شناسایی مؤلفه‌های هویت ملی براساس اسناد بالادستی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی برنامه‌ریزی درسی، گروه تربیت و مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه تربیت و مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه مطالعات برنامه درسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: با توجه به نقش مهمی که نهاد آموزش و پرورش و برنامه درسی در تقویت هویت ملی دانش‌آموزان دارد، هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی مضامین هویت ملی در کتاب‌های درسی دوره دوم ابتدایی با توجه به اسناد بالادستی مرتبط با برنامه درسی ملی ایران است. 
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش برای تحلیل متن اسناد بالادستی و کتب درسی از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شده است. نمونه مورد بررسی در این پژوهش کتب درسی هدیه‌های آسمانی و مطالعات اجتماعی است. این کتاب‌ها از آن جهت انتخاب شده است که بیشترین قابلیت برای حمل مفاهیم هویت ملی را دارند. واحد تحلیل (ثبت)؛ مضمون، تصویر، نقشه و واحد زمینه، کتب درسی است. برای تعیین روایی با بهره از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی با رویکرد استقرایی (تحلیل مضمون)، کتاب‌ها و اسناد بالادستی در دو مرحله بازبینی شدند یکی پس از اینکه بین 10 تا 50 درصد مقوله‌بندی‌ها انجام شد و بار دوم در پایان کار صورت گرفت. 
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: در نتیجه تحلیل داده‌ها، 150 مفهوم، 30 زیرمقوله و 9 مقوله استخراج شد. مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌هایی هویت ملی عبارت‌اند از: معرفی فرهنگ‌های مختلف، تاریخ و هویت اقوام، معرفی میراث فرهنگی؛ معرفی مشاهیر، انعکاس سبک پوشش اقوام و مناطق؛ زبان‌های اقوام ایرانی در کتب درسی، تکثرگرایی دینی و مذهبی، معرفی جشن‌ها و اعیاد و مناسک مذهبی همه اقوام و مناطق. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، برنامه‌ریزان ‌می‌توانند با سیاست‌گذاری براساس عناصر هویت ملی و ارائه محتوای مناسب در کتب درسی، هویت ملی را در دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی تقویت و تعلق به وطن را در آن‌ها بارور کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Content of Elementary School Textbooks to Identify the Components of National Identity Based on High-level Documents Situation Analysis Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raheleh Mahdian 1
  • Kambiz Poushaneh 2
  • Hamid Reza Rezazade Bahadoran 2
  • Hasan Malaki 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Curriculum Planning, Department of Educational Methods and Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Counseling, Faculty of Educational sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Curriculum Studies, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: The purpose of the current study is to identify the components of national identity in primary school textbooks with an emphasis on the document of the fundamental transformation of education and the document of Iran’s national curriculum.
Materials and Methods: : In this study, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze the text of the high-level documents and textbooks. The sample examined in this study includes Social Studies and Heavenly Gifts textbooks. These books have been chosen because they are the most capable of carrying the concepts of national identity. The unit of analysis (recording) in this study is the theme, image, map, and the unit of context is textbooks. To determine the validity of the qualitative content analysis method with an inductive approach (theme analysis), the books and high-level documents were reviewed in two stages; one after 10 to 50% of the categorizations were completed and the second time at the end of the research.
Discussion and Conclusions: In this study, 150 concepts, 30 subcategories, and 9 categories were extracted from the text of the books. The most important components of national identity are the introduction of different cultures; history and identity of ethnic groups; introduction of cultural heritage; introduction of famous people; reflecting the style of coverage of ethnic groups and regions; languages of Iranian people; religion and religious pluralism; introduction of festivals and religious rituals of all people and regions. The results of this study show that planners can strengthen national identity in primary school students by making policies based on the elements of national identity and providing appropriate content in textbooks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • National Identity
  • Secondary School
  • Textbooks
  • Thematic Analysis

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