طراحی الگوی حکمرانی دانشگاه نسل سوم با رویکرد مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری جامع

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت سیستم، بخش مدیریت، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، فارس، ایران

2 دانشیار بخش مدیریت، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، فارس، ایران

3 دانشیار، مدیریت آموزش عالی، بخش برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، فارس، ایران

10.52547/MPES.14.1.213

چکیده

هدف: نظام آموزش عالی در هزاره جدید ضمن رویارویی با انتظارات روزافزون و متنوع‌تر گروه‌های مختلف ذینفع، با کاهش حمایت‌های مالی دولتی و تأکید مضاعف دولت‌ها بر ثروت‌آفرینی، توانمندسازی، تمرکززدایی و افزایش دامنه خلاقیت و کارآفرینی در فضای دانشگاه‌ها، روبروست. این الزامات دانشگاه‌ها را به سمت دانشگاه‌های نسل سوم سوق داده است و به تبع آن، شیوه حکمرانی آن‌ها را نیز تحت تأثیر قرار خواهد داد. با توجه به این نکات و از طرفی بدلیل تأکید برنامه‌های توسعه پنجم و ششم دولت و تصمیم آن بر تغییر ماهیت و شیوه هدایت دانشگاه‌ها و حرکت آن‌ها به سمت دانشگاه‌های نسل سوم، هدف از انجام این پژوهش، طراحی الگوی حکمرانی این دانشگاه‌ها و تبیین روابط میان ابعاد آن است.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، پژوهشی توسعه‌‌ای، کاربردی است. استراتژی‌های پژوهش شامل فراترکیب و مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری جامع می‌باشد. جامعه آماری در بخش فراترکیب، شامل مطالعات مربوط به حکمرانی دانشگاهی در قالب مقالات، کتب و گزارشات و در بخش مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری جامع، شامل گروهی از خبرگان حوزه حکمرانی دانشگاهی در دانشگاه شیراز از گروه اساتید مدیریت و مدیریت آموزش عالی می‌گردد. در فرایند اجرای پژوهش، ضمن شناسایی ابعاد و شاخص‌های الگوی حکمرانی دانشگاه نسل سوم از طریق روش فراترکیب، این ابعاد از نظر درجه تأثیر‌گذاری بر یکدیگر نیز با توجه به رویکرد مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری جامع سطح‌‌‌بندی می‌شوند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مولفه‌های حکمرانی دانشگاهی در قالب 27 شاخص و 6 بعد قابل دسته‌بندی هستند. این ابعاد و شاخص‌‎ها شامل استقلال دانشگاهی (شاخص استقلال آموزشی، پژوهش، فناوری، استقلال مالی و استقلال اداری دانشگاه)، مشارکت ذی‌نفعان (مشارکت ذی‌نفعان مختلف)، پاسخگویی (پاسخگویی حرفه‌‌ای، قانونی، سلسله مراتبی و اجتماعی)، نظارت، ارزیابی و تضمین کیفیت (نظارت، ارزیابی و تضمین کیفیت عملکرد دانشگاه)، شفافیت (کیفیت اطلاعات شفاف شده، دامنه شفافیت و ابزارهای شفافیت) و مدیریت ریسک (مالی، اداری/سازمانی، محیطی، عملیاتی و اعتباری) می‌باشند. از طرفی یافته‌ها نشان داد که مشارکت ذی‌نفعان و در عین حال دامنه شفافیت و اطلاعات شفاف بیشترین تأثیر را از سایر ابعاد موجود در الگوی حکمرانی می‌پذیرند و شاخص‌های استقلال دانشگاهی در اولین سطح از تأثیرگذاری بر سایر ابعاد الگوی حکمرانی قرار دارند. نکته دیگر آنکه در بخش روابط غیرمستقیم، استقلال آموزشی، پژوهشی و فناورانه می‌تواند با کمک به فرایند جاری‌سازی فرایند مدیریت ریسک بر فرایند نظارت، ارزیابی و تضمین کیفیت عملکرد دانشگاه مؤثر باشد. در ادامه نیز مشخص گردید که شاخص‌های نظارت، ارزیابی و تضمین کیفیت می‌توانند با افزایش سطح پاسخگویی بر دامنه شفافیت و کیفیت اطلاعات قابل دسترس ذی‌نفعان تأثیرگذار باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Third Generation University Governance Model Using Total Interpretive Structural Modeling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Moslem Alavi 1
  • Habib Allah Ranaei Kordshouli 2
  • Moslem Alimohammadlou 2
  • Ghasem Salimi 3
1 Ph.D Student in System Management, Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Higher Education Management, Department of Educational Administration & Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: The higher education system challenges in the new millennium are twofold. On the one hand, it has faced the growing and diverse expectations of various stakeholders, and on the other hand, it is confronting a reduction in government financial support and a double emphasis on wealth creation, empowerment, decentralization and increasing the scope of creativity and entrepreneurship in universities. These requirements have shifted universities towards third-generation universities and, consequently, will affect the way they would be governed. Regarding to these points and due to the emphasis of the fifth and sixth development plans of the iranian government in which the nature and method of leading universities is doubted, there is an increasing need to move towards the third-generation universities and therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a governance model for these universities and explain the relationship between Its dimensions.
Methods and Materials: This applied and developmental research has utilized two strategies: meta-synthesis and total interpretive structural modeling (TISM). The statistical population in the meta-synthesis approach consists of the studies conducted on university governance in the form of articles, books, and reports. In TISM, it encompassed a group of experts (professors of higher education management) in the field of university governance at Shiraz University. Through this research project, while we identify the dimensions of the governance model of the third-generation university using the meta-synthesis method, these dimensions will be leveled according to the TISM approach in terms of the degree of influence on each other.
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings reveal that all the concepts identified in the university governance model can be categorized into 27 indicators and 6 dimensions. These dimensions and indicators include academic independence (educational independence index: research, technology, financial and administrative), stakeholder participation (participation of various stakeholders), accountability (professional, legal, hierarchical, and social accountability), monitoring, Evaluation and Quality Assurance (Monitoring, Evaluation and Quality Assurance of University Performance), Transparency (Information Quality, Scope and Tools) and Risk Management (Financial, Administrative / Organizational, Environmental, Operational and reputational). On the other hand, the findings showed that the participation of stakeholders and, at the same time the scope of transparency and transparent information are under the greatest impact of other dimensions of governance model and the university independence indicators are at the first level of impact on other dimensions of governance model. Another point is that, the educational, research and technological independence can be effective on the process of monitoring, evaluating and assuring the quality of university performance through the process of risk management. It was further determined that the indicators of quality monitoring, Evaluation and Quality assurance can be effective on the scope of transparency and quality of information available to stakeholders by increasing the level of accountability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Third Generation University
  • University Governance
  • University Governance of Third Generation University

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