ارائه مدلی جهت ارتقاء کیفیت دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی غیردولتی و غیرانتفاعی(مورد مطالعه: استان گیلان)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت آموزش عالی، گروه مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی-واحد ساوه، مرکزی، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر طراحی و ارائه‌ی یک مدل جامع به‌عنوان منشور راهنما جهت ارتقاء کیفیت دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی غیردولتی و غیرانتفاعی استان گیلان می‌باشد؛ لذا در پژوهش حاضر ابتدا به وسیله‌ی ادبیات و پیشینه‌ی پژوهش اقدام به شناسایی فاکتورهای تأثیرگذار بر کیفیت آموزش عالی شد و سپس به وسیله‌ی روش دلفی 12 عامل نهایی گردید و در مرحله‌ی بعد این فاکتورها به وسیله‌ی روش تحلیل عاملی تأییدی (CFA) اعتبارسنجی و اولویت‌بندی شدند. سرآخر نیز مدل نهایی ارتقاع کیفیت دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات غیرانتفاعی و غیردولتی استان گیلان طراحی و ارئه گردید.   
مواد و روش‌ها: جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 2697 نفر از اعضای هیأت علمی رسمی، کارکنان و دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی غیردولتی و غیرانتفاعی استان گیلان می‌باشد و از این افراد تعداد 347 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند که براساس فرمول کوکران محاسبه شده است؛ روش پژوهش از لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی و از نوع اکتشافی-علی و از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است. همان‌طور که بیان گردید، ابعاد کیفیت آموزش عالی در این پژوهش شامل 12 مؤلفه می‌باشد. برای تأیید روایی عاملی اکتشافی از آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی استفاده شد که در نتیجه‌ی آن همه‌ی ابعاد مورد تأیید قرار گرفتند. در پژوهش حاضر یک پرسشنامه‌ی محقق ساخته‌ی 123 گویه‌ای بین نمونه تحقیق توزیع گردید و پس از تکمیل با استفاده از آزمون K-S، t-test تک نمونه‌ای، مدلیابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و به‌طور مشخیص تحلیل عاملی تأییدی (CFA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت؛ بدین‌منظور از نرم‌افزارهای تخصصی SPSS 22 و LISREL8.8 استفاده شد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج ناشی از توزیع پرسشنامه بین نمونه‌ی پژوهش و تجزیه و تحلیل آن با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS 25 و LISREL 8.8 نشان داد که اولویت فاکتورهای تأثیرگذار بر کیفیت آموزش دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی غیردولتی و غیرانتفاعی استان گیلان براساس بارهای عاملی به ترتیب به این شرح است: 1- بعد زیرساختهای فیزیکی و فن آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (بار عاملی برابر با 67/0)، 2- بعد خدمات (بار عاملی برابر با 64/0)،  3- بعد پژوهش (بار عاملی برابر با 60/0)، 4- بعد مالی (بار عاملی برابر با 58/0)، 5- بعد دانشجویان (بار عاملی برابر با 57/0)، 6- بعد فرایند پذیرش (بار عاملی برابر با 52/0)، 7- یعد آموزش و برنامه ریزی درسی (بار عاملی برابر با 48/0)، 8- بعد کارکنان (بار عاملی برابر با 45/0)، 9- بعد چشم انداز، رسالت و اهداف  (بار عاملی برابر با 44/0)، 10- بعد ارزش های کلیدی دانشگاه (فرهنگ دانشگاهی) (بار عاملی برابر با 43/0)، 11- بعد مدیریت و رهبری (بار عاملی برابر با 40/0)، و 12- بعد هیئت علمی (بار عاملی برابر با 20/0)؛ با توجه به نتایج پژوهش مشخص می‌شود که هر یک از 12 عامل فوق با توجه به آماره‌ی t تأثیرشان بر کیفیت آموزش عالی محرز و مسلم است زیرا همه‌ی مقادیر آماره‌ی t بالاتر از مقدار 96/1 ± هستند؛ اما چیزی که باید به آن توجه کرد و بسیار مهم است این است که انجام سرمایه‌گذاری همزمان بر روی همه‌ی عوامل فوق با توجه به محدودیت و کمبود منابع غیرممکن است؛ بنابراین باید اولویت متغیرها براساس بار عاملی نگاه کرد. اما با نگاهی دقیق‌تر به فاکتورهای فوق و با تمرکز بر بارهای عاملی می‌توان دریافت که 4 عامل اول یعنی بعد زیرساخت‌های فیزیکی، خدمات، پژوهش و مالی به ترتیب دارای بالاترین بار عاملی هستند و اختلاف بار عاملی این 4 فاکتور با بقیه فاکتورها بسیار زیاد است؛ بنابراین به رؤسای دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی غیردولتی و غیرانتفاعی استان گیلان توصیه می‌شود، برای دستیابی به کیفیت ابتدا روی این 4 عامل سرمایه‌گذاری نمایند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Model for improving the Quality of Non-Profit and Non-Governmental Higher Education Universities and Institutes (Case Study: Guilan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Kariminejad 1
  • Nadergholi Ghourchian 2
  • Parivash Gaafari 3
  • Amirhossein Mohammad davoodi 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Higher Education Management, Department of Higher Education Management, Islamic Azad University, Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Higher Education Management, Islamic Azad University, Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Department of Higher Education Management, Islamic Azad University, Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate professor of of Department of Higher Education Management, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: .The main goal of the present research is designing and providing a comprehensive model as a guide charter to improving the quality of of Non-Profit and Non-Governmental Higher Education Universities and Institutes. Therefore, in the present study, by literature and research background, the factors affecting the quality of higher education first were identified and then by the Delphi method, 12 factors were finalized, and in the next step, these factors were verified by a factor analysis method (CFA) have been validated and prioritized. Finally, the final model for improving the quality of Non-Profit and Non-Governmental Higher Education Universities and Institutes in Guilan province was developed and presented.
Materials and Methods: Statistical population of the study consisted of 2697 master degree students, board of science formal  members and staff of non-governmental higher education universities and institutes in guilan province and of which, 347 were selected as samples  which is calculated according to the Cochran formula. Also, members of the research sample were selected using stratified random method. The research method is descriptive in nature and exploratory-causal and the research method is applied in terms of purpose. The dimensions of higher education quality in this study include 12 components. Exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm exploratory factor validity and in according to this analysis, all dimensions were approved. In the present study, a 123-item researcher- made questionnaire was distributed among the reseach sample and after completing it, it was analyzed using K-S test, one-sample t-test, structural equations modeling and specifically confirmatory factor analysis. For this purpose, the specialized SPSS 22 and LISREL 8.8 software was used. 
Result and Discusion: The results of the distribution of the questionnaire between the research sample and its analysis using SPSS 25 and LISREL 8.8 showed that the priority of the factors affecting the quality of education in universities and non-governmental higher education institutions of Guilan province based on factor load It is as follows: 1- The dimension of physical infrastructure and information and communication technology (λ = 0.67); 2. Service dimension (λ = 0.64); 3. Research dimension (λ = 0.60) The financial dimension (λ = 0.58), students' (5.9), (6), (6), acceptance process (λ = 0.52), 7) education and curriculum planning (λ = 0.48) , 8-dimensional staff (λ = 45/0), 9-dimensional perspective, mission and goals (λ = 0.44), 10-dimensional general values The university (university culture) (λ = 0.43), 11- The dimensions of management and leadership (λ = 0.49) and 12-faculty members (λ = 20/0); According to the research results, it is determined that Each of the 12 factors above is tantamount to the impact of their statistics on the quality of higher education, since all t values are higher than 1.96, but what should be considered is very important. It is impossible to simultaneously invest on all of the above factors due to the constraints and lack of resources; therefore, the priority of the variables should be looked at based on factor load. But, with a closer look at the above factors and focusing on factor load, one can conclude that the first four factors, the dimension of physical infrastructure, services, research, and finance, have the highest factor load, and the factor load factor of these four factors is very high with the rest of the factors Therefore, it is recommended that heads of universities and non-governmental higher education institutions and non-profit institutes in Guilan province invest in these four factors in order to achieve quality first.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Non-Profit Universities and Institutes
  • quality
  • guilan
  • Higher Education Syste

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