بازنمایی تجارب مدیران مدارس به مثابه رهبران رهایی بخش؛ جستاری به فراسوی فناوری اخلاقی مدرسه

Objective: The present study aimed to describe emancipatory leadership in school management from the perspective and perception of school principals. The process of this description will express the emancipatory role of school principals in the moral community of the school and, consequently, human society; therefore, the realization of the aforementioned goal was explored and researched from the perspective of school principals in three parts: why, how, and ultimately what is school management in the emancipatory leadership style. Because with why, the pathology of the problems present in school leadership will be explored and researched in the discussion of how to lead in question, which will ultimately be described by linking these two angles from the perspective of school principals to describe the truth of emancipatory leadership in school leadership.
Materials and Methods: Therefore, the method and method of data analysis were pursued through semi-structured interviews with regard to the descriptive phenomenological research approach and using the Atreid-Sterling content analysis method. The importance of this issue is to research it using an appropriate and comprehensive research method such as phenomenology to ascertain the true truth of the emancipation of school leadership by its management. The steps of such a thematic analysis were carried out in three main stages: the first stage of analysis (text analysis); the second stage of analysis (text exploration); The third stage (integration and exploration) was carried out and the participants were school principals in different areas of Mashhad, 27 people, and they were selected purposefully so that the research findings would have the necessary credibility to achieve the present goal. To validate the findings, four evaluation criteria of believability, reliability, transferability, and verifiability were used (Lincoln and Guba (1983) quoted by Mohammad Pour (2011). If the researcher referred to the scientific authority (supervisor and advisor) to achieve the research goal and evaluate the accuracy and precision in the work stages and made the necessary suggestions and amendments, the interview text and extracted codes were also presented to the participants and they expressed their opinion on its accuracy and correctness (credibility). Special attention was paid to the time limit from the beginning of data collection (interview) to data analysis, and the aforementioned process was avoided as much as possible. Therefore, attention was paid to the expiration of comments in the present study so that outdated data would not be analyzed (reliability). In addition to evaluating and receiving feedback from Scientific references such as supervisors and consultants were shown to professors and other specialists in the field of educational management in this regard, and the analyses were evaluated for the umpteenth time (verifiability). The applicability of the research findings can also be considered in light of the description of the research situation (transferability).
Discussion and Conclusion: The research findings were indexed in 77 primary codes, 45 basic themes, 15 organizing themes, and finally 5 comprehensive themes, which contain thoughtful results for researchers and experts in the field of educational management; School administrators are always in a role conflict between organizational and social expectations, with the description that in an effort to solve the engineering challenge, or in other words, ethical technology in the school organization, they have tended to the emancipatory leadership style, in such a way that human happiness and well-being in society will be determined by social levers such as schools. In this regard, emancipatory administrators lead schools in three dimensions with the above focus and finally describe this style; first, the why dimension with the comprehensive theme of ethical engineering; Second, the how dimension was shown with the overarching themes of collective leadership and women's transcendent leadership, and finally the what dimension with overarching themes such as moral compass and human communication. In addition, these dimensions are also indicative of the growth and dynamism of the field of educational administration in Iran, representing the experiences of emancipatory managers in schools. Because in the first step, the existence and importance of such experiences in the field of educational administration studies indicates the evolution of educational management and leadership styles from the past to the present, and in its place, in addition to describing the role and importance of emancipatory school leadership, it also addressed the harms of dogmatic management in some schools, and in another angle, it will also lead to the accumulation of theoretical knowledge in the field of Iranian educational administration studies.