نگاهی اجمالی به نقش و جایگاه برنامه‌های آموزشی (با تأکید برآموزش عالی) در توسعه مداوم /پایدار

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: نظام آموزش و پرورش هر جامعه بخصوص در سطح آموزش عالی از طریق پرورش منابع و سرمایه‌های انسانی متخصص، نقش اساسی و قابل توجهی در توسعه مداوم/پایدار هر جامعه و ابعاد توسعه اقتصادی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی، بهداشتی، گسترش تعاملات و روابط در سطح ملی و بین‌المللی و... ایفا می‌نماید هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی ومشخص نمودن نقش وجایگاه برنامه‌های آموزشی با تأکید بر نظام آموزش عالی در تحقق اهداف توسعه مداوم /پایدارو نقد مفاهیم مربوط به آن است.
مواد و روش‌ها: پدر این مطالعه از روش کتابخانه‌ای و مروری با رویکرد نقادی استفاده و در آن برخی اسناد و منابع مرتبط در خصوص مفاهیم و اهداف توسعه مداوم /پایدار و رویکردهای مربوط و برنامه‌ها و سیاست های آموزشی و آموزش عالی مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفته است. 
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: موضوع مورد بحث دارای دو بعد یا متغیر مهم شامل برنامه‌های آموزشی به‌عنوان متغیر مستقل و توسعه مداوم /پایدار، به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته است. هر کدام از این مفاهیم ابعاد و سطوح گسترده‌ای را در برگرفته‌اند. برنامه آموزشی مفهومی وسیع و جامع است که هر محقق باید براساس و حیطه مطالعاتی خود، حدود آن را مشخص و بر آن اساس به بحث بپردازد. نظریه‌پردازان سرمایه انسانی بر این باورند که، بنیان توسعه مداوم و پایدار در ابعاد مختلف با سرمایه‌گذاری در امر آموزش تحقق می‌یابد. تحقیقات متعدد، اثربخشی سرمایه‌گذاری در امر آموزش کشورهای مختلف بر رشد و توسعه اقتصادی–اجتماعی را تبیین نموده‌اند.گرچه در برخی مطالعات نیز، شکاف قابل تأملی ما بین سرمایه‌گذاری در امر آموزش و سایر ابعاد توسعه پایدار/مداوم بیان شده ولی منجر به تغییر قاعده و اصل ارتباط مذکور نشده است. تأثیرگذاری برنامه‌های آموزشی در امر مذکور، مستلزم وجود رویکرد سیستمی، راهبردی، انعطاف‌پذیر و آینده‌نگر و جامع نسبت به ابعاد چندگانه آن است. بنابراین، توسعه پایدار/مداوم، امری سیستمی، فراگیر و وابسته است و نمی‌تواند صرفاً در یک بخش اتفاق بیفتد. لذا شایسته است که اصطلاح چرخه حیات را برای آن تصور نمود چرا که تمام اجزاء آن به هم پیوسته است و وقتی حلقه‌ای از حلقه حیات جدا شود، کلِ چرخه دچار آشفتگی خواهد شد. هم‌چنین با کنکاش در واژگان مربوط این نتیجه حاصل شد که از یک دیدگاه عبارت توسعه مداوم بهتر از توسعه پایدار می‌تواند ماهیت آن را که دربردارنده نوعی پویایی است نشان دهد و آن را تکمیل نماید و با همین توجیه در سراسر متن این نوشتار توسعه مداوم مترادف با توسعه پایدار معرفی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview of the Role and Place of Educational Programs (With an Emphasis on Higher Education) in Continuous/Sustainable Development

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahbobeh Arefi
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: The education system of every society, especially at the level of higher education through the education of specialized human resources and capital, plays a fundamental and significant role in the continuous/sustainable development of every society in various dimensions such as transferring, making, and development of knowledge, technology, economic, cultural, social, health development, and expansion of interactions and relations at the national and international level, etc. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of educational programs with an emphasis on the higher education system in achieving the goals of continuous/sustainable development.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the library and review method was used with a critical approach, and some related documents and sources regarding the concepts and goals of continuous/sustainable development and related approaches and educational and higher education policies and programs were reviewed.
Discussion and Conclusions: The subject under discussion has two important dimensions or variables, including educational programs as independent variables and continuous/sustainable development as dependent variables. Each of these concepts covers a wide range of dimensions and levels. The educational program is a comprehensive concept that every researcher should determine its limits and gaps based on the topic or issue and his field of study and discuss it accordingly. Theorists of human capital believe that the basis of continuous and sustainable development in different dimensions is realized by investing in education. Numerous researches have explained the effectiveness of investing in education in different countries on economic-social growth and development. Although in some studies, a considerable gap between investment in education and other dimensions of development such as economic and technological growth, culture, health, environment, etc. has been expressed but it has not led to a change in the rule and principles of the mentioned relationship. The effectiveness of educational programs in the matter of development requires the existence of a systemic, strategic, flexible, and comprehensive approach. Therefore, development is a systemic, inclusive, and dependent thing and it cannot happen only in one sector. Therefore, we can imagine the term life cycle for development that all its parts are connected and when a ring is separated from it, the whole cycle will be disturbed. Also by delving into the relevant texts, it was concluded that from another point of view, the term continuous development is better than sustainable development; it shows its nature which includes a kind of dynamics, transformative, and complete ones. With the same justification throughout the text, in this article, continuous development is introduced as synonymous with sustainable development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Continuous Development
  • Economic and Social Development
  • Educational Programs
  • Higher Education
  • Sustainable Development

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