بررسی اثرات آموزش برخط بر اخلاق حرفه‌ای اعضای هیئت علمی در دوران همه‌گیری ویروس کووید- 19

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی ، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم تربیتی ، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: مواجهه ناگهانی و ناگزیر آموزش عالی کشور با آموزش برخط در دو سال گذشته و پس از همه‌گیری ویروس کووید- 19، نیاز به بررسی اثرات این شیوه آموزشی را بر جنبه‌های متفاوت عملکرد استادان در کلاس درس ضروری نموده است. اخلاق حرفه‌ای استادان یکی از این جنبه‌هاست که بر کیفیت آموزش و یادگیری در کلاس درس تأثیری انکارناپذیر دارد؛ لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی اثرات آموزش برخط بر ویژگی‌های اخلاق حرفه‌ای اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه در دوران همه‌گیری کووید- 19 صورت گرفته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی  و از نظر بعد زمانی، پس‌رویدادی است. هم‌چنین به فراخور مسئله مورد بررسی، از رویکردکیفی و روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش 85 نفر از اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ بوده که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، با مشارکت 14 نفر از آنان اشباع نظری داده‌ها حاصل شده است. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات، مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته بوده است. روش تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با رویکرد تحلیل تفسیری و به روش تحلیل شبکه مضامین بوده است. 
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد، در مجموع 46 مقوله در قالب سه مضمون کلی (فردی، ارتباطی و تخصصی) و از جنبه‌های متفاوت انگیزشی، حقوقی، رفتاری، آموزشی و پژوهشی، در ارتباط با رعایت اخلاق حرفه‌ای از سوی اعضای هیات علمی مشارکت‌کننده در پژوهش، استخراج شده است. مضمون “فردی” با پوشش نزدیک به نیمی از فراوانی مفاهیم اولیه استخراج شده، به عنوان مهمترین مضمون شناسایی شده است. مضمون "تخصصی" با حدود یک سوم و مضمون ارتباطی با پوشش حدود یک پنجم مفاهیم اولیه در رده‌های بعدی قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد، آموزش برخط سبب شده است تا اعضای هیات علمی در اولویت نخست،  قواعد و الزامات حقوقی و آموزشی تکلیف شده از سوی دانشگاه را که قابلیت رصد و ارزشیابی دارند، به عنوان اثرات آموزش برخط بر کنش‌های مرتبط با اخلاق حرفه‌ای خود اعمال کنند. از سوی دیگر، جنبه‌های تعاملی و انگیزشی مرتبط با اخلاق حرفه ای اعضای هیئت علمی ضعیف تشخیص داده شده است.  اگر دانشگاه به رصد اشکال قراردادی اخلاق حرفه‌ای اعضای هیئت علمی بسنده کند و فقط نسبت به رعایت این جنبه‌ها از خود حساسیت نشان دهد، اعضای هیئت علمی نیز تلاش خود را در جهت تقویت این جنبه‌ها به کار خواهند برد و تلاش کمتری برای تقویت سایر جنبه‌های عمدتاً آیینی اخلاق حرفه‌ای مانند عدالت‌ورزی، رعایت حقوق دانشجویان، تقویت تعامل و ارتباط با دانشجویان و مانند آن، انجام خواهند داد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effects of Online Education on the Professional Ethics of Academic Staff During the Pandemic of the Covid-19

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Goldasteh 1
  • Homayoun Aria 2
  • Roya Mansouri 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 MA, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

 
Objectives: The sudden and inevitable encounter of the country's higher education with online education in the last two years and after the pandemic of the Covid-19 virus has necessitated the need to examine the effects of this educational method on different aspects of professors' performance in the classrooms. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize online education's effects on university faculty members' professional ethics during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: The current research is practical type, and it is post-event in terms of the time dimension. Also, according to the investigated problem, the qualitative approach and thematic analysis method have been used. The population of this research is made up of 85 faculty members of the University of Science and Culture, and the theoretical saturation of the data has been achieved by collaborating 14 of them through purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The method of data analysis was the interpretative analysis approach and the theme network analysis method.
Discussion and Conclusions: The findings of the research showed that there are a total of 46 categories in the form of three general themes (individual, communicational and proficiency) that they have been extracted from different motivational, legal, behavioral, educational and research aspects, in connection with the observance of professional ethics by the participating academic staff members in the research. The “individual” theme has been identified as the most important theme, covering nearly half of the frequency of the extracted primary concepts. The "proficiency" theme with about one third and the “communicational” theme with covering about one fifth of basic concepts are placed in the next categories. The results of the research showed that online education has caused faculty members to apply the legal and educational rules and requirements assigned by the university as the effects of online education on their actions related to professional ethics; those roles which have the capability to be monitored and evaluated. On the other hand, interactive and motivational aspects related to the professional ethics of faculty members have been recognized weak. If the university is satisfied with monitoring the contractual forms of professional ethics of academic staff members and only shows sensitivity towards observing these aspects, the academic staff members would also use their efforts to strengthen these aspects and they would make less effort to strengthen other mainly ritualistic aspects of professional ethics such as fairness, respecting students' rights, fostering interaction, communication with students, and etc.s
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Professional Ethics
  • Faculty Members
  • Online Education
  • Covid-19 Pandemic
  • Higher Education

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