مرور نظام‌مند شناسایی روند نگرش اعضای هیأت علمی در خصوص کاربست فاوا در آموزش در دانشگاه‌‌های ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 دانشیار دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر مرور نظام‌مند مطالعات و پژوهش‌های انجا‌م شده در مورد نگرش اعضای هیأت علمی در خصوص کاربست فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در آموزش طی دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1395 است و به این پرسش اصلی پاسخ می‌دهد که پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده چه ویژگی‌هایی داشته‌اند؟ روند نگرشی اساتید در طی این مدت چگونه بوده؟ و چه عواملی بر نگرش آنان تأثیر گذاشته است؟ هم‌چنین پژوهش حاضر درصدد بود تا تصویر جامعی از سیمای این پژوهش‌ها ارائه دهد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی و از نوع بنیادی است که در آن به تحلیل کمی و کیفی پژوهش‌های گذشته از نظر موضوعاتی هم‌چون سهم موضوعی مقالات، روش‌های تحقیق، گویه‌های نگرشی و روند نگرش پرداخته شده است. در این تحقیق با توجه به هدف پژوهش، از روش مرور نظام‌مند استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل مقاله‌های چاپ شده در نشریه‌ها و نمایه شده در پایگاه‌های Magiran،Normagas ،Sid ، Google می‌باشد. در این راستا با بهره‌گیری از اطلاعات موجود در سیستم اینترنتی و پایگاه‌های اطلاع‌رسانی داخلی از جمله Magiran،Normagas ،Sid ، Google و پرتال جامع علوم انسانی کلید واژه‌های نگرش، باور، عقاید، فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، تکنولوژی آموزشی، رایانه، کامپیوتر، اینترنت، فناوری سیار، آموزش الکترونیکی، اساتید و اعضای هیأت علمی مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. سپس، مقالات به دست آمده به دو دسته مرتبط و غیرمرتبط تقسیم‌بندی شدند. از 145مقاله به دست آمده، پس از حذف مقالات نامرتبط، 39 مقاله وارد مطالعه شدند. در نهایت از بین آن‌ها 30 مقاله دارای ملاک‌های ورود به مطالعه بوده و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این مقاله با استفاده از روش مرور نظام‌مند 30 پژوهش انجام شده در ایران را بررسی توصیفی و هم‌چنین ارزیابی کرده است. برای بررسی پایایی در روش مرور نظام‌مند مقالات توسط دو فرد خبره بررسی و مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که مقوله نگرش در کاربرد فناوری سهم قابل توجهی را به خود اختصاص داده است.  غالب‌ترین روش‌ها از منظر هدف، جمع‌آوری اطلاعات و شیوه اجرا در خصوص نقش نگرش در کاربست فناوری به ترتیب سه روش کمی، پرسشنامه، توصیفی بوده است. تئوری رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده آیزن و فیشبن تئوری مشاهده شده از نظریه‌ها و تئوری‌های مورد استفاده در مقالات بوده است. عوامل پیش‌برنده و مشوق نیز زمینه‌ساز ایجاد نگرش مساعد به فناوری می‌باشد. هم‌چنین یافته‌های نشان داد که بین نگرش و کاربرد فناوری، رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. علاوه‌بر این نگرش اساتید نسبت به کاربرد فناوری در سال‌های اخیر کمی به سمت منفی تمایل پیدا کرده است. یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر بیانگر این است که متغیرهای مدرک تحصیلی، رتبه علمی و دانشکده از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر نگرش اعضای هیأت علمی نسبت به فناوری می‌باشد. نگرش اعضای هیأت علمی نقش مهم و تأثیر انکارناپذیری در بهبود میزان کاربرد فناوری ایفا می‌کنند اما طبق نتایج این پژوهش، نگرش اساتید نسبت به فناوری روبه منفی شدن می‌باشد. از این‌رو آگاهی هر چه بهتر از روند نگرشی منجر به شناخت عوامل و دلایل منفی شدن نگرش اعضای هیأت علمی و افزایش و بهبود کاربرد فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات توسط آن‌ها خواهد داشت

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Systematic Review of Faculty Members' Attitudes toward ICT Application in Education in Iranian Universities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narjes Amini 1
  • Ahmadreza Nasr Isfahani 2
  • BiBI Eshrat Zamani 2
  • Behroz Tork Ladani 3
1 PhD student in Curriculum Development, Department of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfehan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to conduct a systematic review of studies and researches conducted by faculty members on the application of information and communication technology in education during the period 2002-2016. And it answers the basic question of what features did the research have? What has been the attitude of the professors during this period? And identifying the factors that influence attitudes. The present study also sought to provide a comprehensive picture of the landscape of these studies.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical descriptive study in which the qualitative and quantitative analysis of past research has been discussed in terms of topics such as the thematic contribution of articles, research methods, attitudes and trends. In this study, according to the purpose of the study, a systematic review method was used.  The statistical population of this study consists of articles published in journals and indexed in Magiran, Normagas, Sid, Google databases. In this regard, using the information available on the Internet and internal databases such as Magiran, Normagas, Sid, Google and the Comprehensive Humanities Portal Keywords Keywords: attitude, beliefs, beliefs, information and communication technology, technology Education, computers, computers, the Internet, mobile technology, e-learning, professors and faculty were searched. Then, the obtained articles were divided into two related and non-related categories. Out of 145 articles, 39 articles were excluded after excluding unrelated articles. Finally, among these, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. This article is a descriptive review and also a systematic review of 30 researches in Iran. To evaluate the reliability of the systematic review of the articles, two experts were examined.
Result and Discussion: Findings indicate that the attitude towards technology use has a significant share. The most common methods in terms of purpose, information gathering and implementation methods regarding the role of attitude in technology application were descriptive, quantitative and quantitative respectively. Eisen and Fishen's Theory of Planned Behavior The theory observed is one of the theories and theories used in the papers. Driving factors and incentives also create a favorable attitude towards technology. The systematic review findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between attitude and technology use. In addition, teachers' attitudes toward technology use in recent years have tended to be slightly negative. The findings of this study indicate that the variables of educational degree, academic rank, and faculty are the influencing factors on faculty members' attitude towards technology.Faculty members 'attitudes play an important and undeniable role in improving technology utilization, but according to the results of this study, professors' attitude towards technology is negatively affected.Therefore, better awareness of attitudinal process will lead to understanding the factors and reasons for negative attitude of faculty members and increasing and improving their use of information and communication technology.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Faculty
  • Education
  • ICT
  • Systematic Review
  • Attitude

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