طراحی الگوی دانشگاه کارآفرین براساس نظریه داده بنیاد (مطالعه موردی: واحدهای دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی غرب ایران)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف از این پژوهش طراحی الگوی دانشگاه کارآفرین برای دانشگاه‌های آزاد اسلامی غرب ایران بود. این پژوهش در چارچوب رویکرد کیفی و با استفاده از روش تحلیل داده بنیاد انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: جامعه آماری، دانشگاه‌های آزاد اسلامی غرب کشور بود. تعداد مشارکت‌کنندگان دوازده نفر از متخصصان دانشگاه کارآفرین بودند که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌های مورد نیاز به روش مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته گردآوری شدند. روایی سؤالات با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان حوزه دانشگاه کارآفرین به دست آمد. تجزیه ‌و تحلیل داده‌ها براساس رهیافت نظام‌مند نظریه داده بنیاد در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی انجام شد. اعتبار یافته‌ها به کمک روش‌های تطبیق اعضاء و بررسی همکار به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان‌دهنده بیست و یک مقوله شامل منابع انسانی، پایه‌های اقتصادی، سیاست‌های سازمانی، ساختار سازمانی، فرهنگ سازمانی، آموزش و پژوهش کارآفرینانه، استراتژی دانشگاه، نگرش سازمانی کارآفرینانه، جو سازمانی کارآفرینانه، ریسک‌پذیری، تغییر ماهیت آموزش عالی، اعتبار و جایگاه دانشگاه، تهیه سند کارآفرینی، بهبود محیط کسب و کار، ارتباط دانشگاه با جامعه، مواضع قانونی، اکوسیستم‌های کارآفرینی، سیاسی‌کاری، بین‌المللی شدن دانشگاه، رضایت ذی‌نفعان و تجاری‌سازی دانشگاه بود که در شش طبقه اصلی شامل شرایط علی، پدیده محوری، عوامل زمینه‌ای، شرایط مداخله‌گر، راهبردها و پیامدها در قالب مدل پارادایمی قرار گرفت.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج کدگذاری مصاحبه‌ها و تجزیه‌ و تحلیل یافته‌های بخش کیفی نشان داد که دو مؤلفه منابع انسانی شایسته و پایه‌های اقتصادی از شرایط علی و به وجود آورنده دانشگاه کارآفرین هستند. سیاست‌های سازمانی کارآفرینانه ازجمله اصلاح سیاست‌های بالادستی و قوانین وزارت علوم؛ ساختار سازمانی کارآفرینانه، فرهنگ ‌سازمانی کارآفرینانه و اجرای سیاست‌های آموزشی و پژوهشی مشتری‌گرا و کارآفرینانه مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌ها و مؤلفه‌های دانشگاه کارآفرین بودند. هم‌چنین شرایط زمینه‌ای که بر مؤلفه‌های دانشگاه کارآفرین تأثیر می‌گذارد عبارت‌اند از استراتژی دانشگاه، جو سازمانی کارآفرینانه، نگرش کارآفرینانه، ریسک‌پذیری، تغییر ماهیت آموزش عالی و انتظار جامعه، دولت و صنعت از دانشگاه برای رفع نیازهای‌شان، که آموزش عالی را متحول نموده و سبب شده تا دانشگاه‌ها به سمت کارآفرین شدن و پاسخگویی به خواسته‌های مشتریان‌شان هدایت شوند. ششمین عامل زمینه‌ساز دانشگاه کارآفرین، خوش‌نامی دانشگاه است؛ که بر ذی‌نفعان و مشتریان تأثیر گذاشته و آن‌ها را به سرمایه‌گذاری در دانشگاه و مشارکت با آن ترغیب می‌کند. عوامل مداخله‌گر که می‌توانند سرعت بخش یا مانع تبدیل یک دانشگاه سنتی به دانشگاه کارآفرین شوند و تا حدودی در کنترل دانشگاه نیستند؛ عبارت بودند از مواضع قانونی و حقوقی، اکوسیستم‌های کارآفرینی اعم از اکوسیستم‌های در اختیار دانشگاه و اکوسیستم‌های خارج از اختیار دانشگاه، سیاسی گری و انواع لابی‌ها که در بیشتر امور زندگی ما دخالت داشته و دانشگاه‌ها نیز مشمول این مهم هستند. یکی از راهبردهای دستیابی به دانشگاه کارآفرین وجود و اجرای چشم‌انداز و سند کارآفرینی دانشگاه است که به‌منزله کانال عبور و چراغ راه است. بهبود محیط کسب و کار و ارتباط دانشگاه با جامعه اطراف خود ازجمله کارآفرینان و ارتباط با دانشگاه‌های کارآفرین جهان و منطقه و الگوگیری از آن‌ها یکی دیگر از راهبردهای اثرگذار در ایجاد دانشگاه کارآفرین است. در نهایت بین‌المللی شدن دانشگاه، رضایت ذی‌نفعان و تجاری‌سازی دانش در قالب شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان، پارک‌های علم و فناوری، ایجاد کسب و کارهای زایشی از پیامدهای دانشگاه کارآفرین بودند. بر این اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود: وزارت علوم افرادی را به مدیریت دانشگاه‌ها منصوب کند که کارآفرین باشند یا به سیاست‌های کارآفرینی دولت و دانشگاه‌ها پایبند باشند. کارآفرینی در ارزشیابی و ارتقای علمی و اداری اساتید نقش داشته باشد. دانشگاه‌ها از طریق مراکز رشد، پارک‌های علم و دفاتر ارتباط با صنعت ارتباط بیشتری با بخش صنعت داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Desingning the Entrepreneurial University Model based on Grounded theory (case study: units of Islamic Azad University of West Iran (

نویسندگان [English]

  • ُSayyed Mohammad Reza Mostafaei 1
  • Faramarz Malekian 2
  • Elham Kaviani 3
  • Mohammad Javad Karamafrooz 3
1 PhD student in Educational Management, Department of Educational Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Educational Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Department of Educational Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: The purpose of this research is to design entrepreneurial university model for Islamic Azad universities in west of Iran. This research is carried out in the framework of qualitative approach and by using grounded data analysis method.
Materials and Method: Islamic Azad Universities of the west of Iran compose the statistical society of this research. The number of participants is Twelve from the entrepreneur university experts who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected by semi-structured interview method. The validity of the questions was obtained using the views of the experts of the entrepreneurial university. The data analysis is performed based on grounded theory systematic approach in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.The results indicate Twenty-one categories included human resources, economic bases, organizational policies, organizational structure, organizational culture, entrepreneurial education, university strategy, entrepreneurial organizational attitude, entrepreneurial enterprise climate, risk taking, changing the nature of higher education, accreditation and university status, preparing the university entrepreneurship document, improving the business environment, university relations with the community and entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship ecosystems, political and lobbying, university internationalization, stakeholder satisfaction, knowledge commercialization which was classified in the six main categories including causal conditions, axial phenomenon, underlying factors, interventional conditions, strategies and outcomes in the form of a paradigmatic model.
Result and Discusion: The results of the coding of the interviews and the analysis of the qualitative sector findings showed that the two components of competent human resources and economic bases are causal and creator conditions of entrepreneurial university. Entrepreneurial organizational policies, including reformation the upper policies and Leges of the Ministry of Science; Entrepreneurial organizational structure; Entrepreneurial organizational culture and the implementation of customer-oriented and entrepreneurial educational and research policies were the most important features and components of Entrepreneurial University. Also the contextual conditions that affect the components of Entrepreneurial University include university strategy, entrepreneurial enterprise climate, entrepreneurial attitude, risk taking, changing the nature of higher education and expectation of society, government and industry to resolving their needs, That has revolutionized higher education and led universities to become more entrepreneurial and responsive to their customers' demands. The sixth factor contriver of entrepreneurial university is university reputation, which affects stakeholders and clients and encourages them to invest in university and participate with it. Interfering factors that can accelerate or hinder the transformation of a traditional university into an entrepreneurial university and somewhat are not controlled by the university; legal and juridical positions, entrepreneurial ecosystems, including university-owned ecosystems and outside the university ecosystems, politicize and the kinds of lobbies that are involved in most of our lives and universities are subject to this. One of the strategies for accessing entrepreneurial university is the existence and implementation of entrepreneurship university vision and document, which is the channel of passage and the Lights of the way. Improving the business environment and communication of university with its surrounding community including entrepreneurs, communication with entrepreneurial universities Entrepreneurial Universities of the World and the Region and  modeling  them, is one of the most effective strategies in creating an entrepreneurial university. Ultimately, internationalization of university, stakeholders satisfaction, and Commercialization of knowledgein in the template of Knowledge Based Companies, science and technology parks, and the creation of natal businesses were the consequences of entrepreneurial university. Accordingly, it is recommended that the Ministry of Science appoint individuals to manage universities to be entrepreneurs or to adhere to government and university entrepreneurship policies. Entrepreneurship has a role to play in the evaluation and promotion of academic and administrative professors. Universities are more connected to the industry through growth centers, science parks and industry liaison offices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • entrepreneurial university
  • Modeling
  • Grounded Theory

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