ظرفیت نظریه میدان برای توسعۀ الگوهای تحلیلی در عرصۀ آموزش عالی زمینه توسعه الگو: منش‌یابی اعضای هیأت علمی در قبال طیف‌های تحصیلی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 رئیس گروه برنامه ریزی و مطالعات راهبردی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران.

2 رییس دانشکده مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران.

3 رئیس دایره ساماندهی امور مدرسان و منابع آموزشی بانک مسکن.

چکیده

هدف: معرفی ظرفیت بالای نظریۀ میدان برای توسعۀ الگوهای مفهومی و تحلیلی در عرصۀ آموزش عالی بوده است. در این راستا تلاش گردیده با بهره‌گیری از چهارچوب روش‌شناختی پیر بوردیو، یک پژوهش دو سطحی انجام شود. این دو سطح عبارت بوده‌اند از: الف- توسعۀ یک الگوی تشخیصی (مفهومی- تحلیلی) برای شناسائی منش (عادت واره) اعضای هیأت علمی در قبال تفاوت‌های یادگیری دانشجویان (پژوهش سطح اول). ب- اجرای الگو (پژوهش سطح دوم).
مواد و روشها: روش پژوهش در سطح اول،‌ نظریه‌پردازی در چهارچوب نظریه میدان و در سطح دوم از نوع پیمایشی بوده است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش در سطح دوم تحقیق، شامل اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه‌های علم و صنعت ایران، علم و فناوری مازندران و صنعتی اراک، مجموعاً 480 نفر بوده است. اعتبارسنجی الگو از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان به صورت حضوری (نیمه ساختاریافته) و پیمایش نظر اعضای جامعۀ آماری در مورد سؤالات پژوهش از طریق پرسشنامه صورت پذیرفته است. پاسخ‌های دریافتی با مقیاس افتراق معنائی، مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند.
یافتهها: طبق مدل حاصل از پژوهش، منش هر عضو هیأت علمی در قبال تفاوت‌های یادگیری با سنجش نگرش وی در دو بُعد؛ "اعتقاد به تفاوت در نیازهای آموزشی" و "تمایل نسبی به حمایت از طیف میانی، ممتاز یا ضعیف"، قابل مدلسازی است. بر این اساس، می‌توان اعضای هیأت علمی را به سه گروه "یکسان‌نگر"، "ممتازگرا" و "ضعیف‌گرا" طبقه‌بندی نمود.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: موفقیت در توسعه و کاربرد یک مدل مفهومی-تحلیلی تحت پارادایم نظریۀ میدان در این پژوهش نشان داد که چهارچوب روش شناختی بوردیو در عرصۀ نهادهای آموزش عالی (دانشگاه‌ها) هم‌چون دیگر عرصه‌های اجتماعی از ظرفیت بالائی برای مدلسازی‌های رفتاری- اجتماعی برخوردار است. پیام این مقاله به نظریه‌پردازان و دانشجویان دکتری حوزۀ علوم تربیتی این است که می‌توان به جای استفاده از روش‌شناختی سازمان و رفتار سازمانی، با بهره‌گیری از روش‌شناختی نظریۀ میدان، در عرصۀ آموزش عالی به شیوه نوینی از الگوپردازی برای تحلیل رفتارها و وقایع اجتماعی پرداخت. هم‌چنین به لحاظ اجرایی می‌توان بکارگیری مدل پیشنهادی این مقاله در شناخت منش اعضای هیأت علمی در قبال تفاوت‌های یادگیری را به پژوهشگران کاربردی و دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The potential of field theory for developing analytic model in higher education

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Nameni 1
  • Mohammad Fathian Boroojeni 2
  • Mehdi Danaye toosi 3
1 Head of Strategic Planning Group, Iran University of Science and Technology.
2 Head of Industrial Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology.
3 Principal of Teachers Organizing and Educational Resource in Maskan Bank.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Developing a diagnostic model for identifying the habitus of faculty members about educational spectrums using Field Theory was the main goal of this research. By the way, introducing and exploiting the capacity of Field Theory for developing analytical models in the field of higher education was the secondary aim.
Materials and Method: The methodology of research in model development was conceptual theorizing by using Pierre Bourdieu's methodological principles in the field theory. In the test and accreditation of the model, the research method was of surveying kind. Participants were faculty members of Iran University of Science and Technology, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, and the Industrial University of Arak, including a total of 480 members. Research questions were asked via questionnaire. Replies analysis was performed based on a semantic differential scale.
Results and Conclusion: The habitus of each faculty member about educational spectrums can be determined through his/ her attitude in two dimensions: "belief to the difference in students training needs" and "relative willing to support privileged or poor margin." By these two dimensions, faculty members can be classified into three groups: "identical-looking," "distinguished oriented," and "poorly oriented." The most effective supportive educational programs are in place to be aligned with the collective habitus of faculty members.
The framework of Field Theory has a high capacity for developing an analytical model in higher education organizations like other social fields. This framework can even be considered as a better substitute for organizational behavior theory for theorizing and modeling in educational management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • field theory
  • Academic members
  • differentiated learning
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